Reportable cattle disease Flashcards
Anthrax in cattle is
Rare but active disease
2006–800 deaths reported
Bacteria-Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax spores persist in environment particularly where soil is alkaline
Inhaled or ingested
Dry conditions perpetuate
Flooding stirs up previously buried spores
After animal death, bacteria sporulates when exposed to oxygen
Ex. scavenging of carcass
Zoonotic
Signs of anthrax in cattle
Cutaneous anthrax
Pulmonary anthrax
Gastrointestinal anthrax
Usually found dead
Signs in carcass
Unclotted blood from orifices
No rigor mortis
Advanced stage of decomposition
Massive splenomegaly
Diagnosis
Culture and sensitivity/PCR of blood
Treatment and prevention of anthrax in cattle
Treatment
Antibiotics if caught early enough
Prognosis grave
Prevention
Vaccination of susceptible animals
Do not overgraze
Do not open up suspected carcasses
Disposal of anthrax ridled cattle
Keep head covered to avoid blood leaking into ground
Garbage bag
Keep carcass protected from scavengers until incinerated
Incinerate infected carcasses
Neutralize ashes with formaldehyde or lye
Deep bury ashes
Foot-And-Mouth Disease (FMD) in cattle is
Extremely contagious virus
Cloven-hooved animals
Bovids, swine, cervids, camelids
Endemic in 77% of global population
Not in Canada
1952 Saskatchewan
Vesicles
Mouth, udder, coronary bands
Severe illness
Rarely fatal
How is foot and mouth spread and consequences for cattle
Spread by aerosol, needles, fomites
Up to 10 km!
Survive 14 days
Consequences of infection
Major economic losses
Illness and death
Immediate loss of export markets
Loss of billions
2001 UK outbreak 8 billion pounds
Symptoms of foot and mouth in cattle
Blisters on feet, nose, lips, mouth, udder, genitals, coronary band
Hypersalivation
Marked lameness
Fever
Inappetence
Reduced milk production
Weight loss
Differential diagnosis of foot and mouth in cattle
DDX
Vesicular stomatitis
Mucosal disease (BVD)
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
Diagnosis and prevention of foot and mouth in cattle
Diagnosis
PCR or viral isolation of blister fluid
Prevention
Canada Food Inspection Agency
Prohibition of importation of cattle from endemic countries
Traveler declaration
Meat, dairy, hides,reproduction products(semen, embryos)
No contact with farms for 14 days if arrived from country with endemic FMD
Vaccination for endemic herds
Not available in Canada
Biosecurity!
Tuberculosis (TB) in cattle is
All cattle, but primary concern in dairy
Zoonotic!
Transmission to people through milk
Mycobacterium bovis
Granulomatous lesion
Lungs, lymph nodes (“tubercles”)
Progressive debilitation and wasting
Multidrug resistant bacteria
Diagnosis and prevention of TB in cattle
Intradermal tuberculin test (ITT)
Protein derivatives of M. bovis
Neck or tail fold
Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Swelling at 48-96 hours after injection
If positive, immediate cull to prevent transmission to cattle or people
Prevention
Pasteurization of milk
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, “Mad Cow Disease”) is
Prion disease
Misfolding of proteins
Accumulates in CNS
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, “Mad Cow Disease”) two types in cattle
Classical
Oral consumption of prions
Protein meal of mammalian sources
2-8 years before clinical signs
Atypical
Spontaneous genetic mutation
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, “Mad Cow Disease”) in Canada
Cervids–Chronic Wasting Disease
Sheep–Scrapie
Canada
First case 2003
Total of 21 cases
Massive depopulation
Closed exports
Economic devastation
CCIA animal tracking
Eliminate mammalian based protein in diets
No longer a reportable disease
Notifiable disease
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, “Mad Cow Disease”) symptoms in cattle
Ataxia
Hyperexcitability
Muscle tremors
Decreased milk production
Weight loss
Muscle tremors
Aggression
DDX rabies
Prognosis Grave
