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LA medicine > Bovine GIT > Flashcards

Bovine GIT Flashcards

1
Q

Actinobacillosis (“Wooden Tongue”) is caused by in cattle

A

Feed with hard stems, fox tail awns
Abrasians cause microabscesses
Actinobacillus lignierseii

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2
Q

Signs at treatment of Actinobacillosis (“Wooden Tongue”) in cattle

A

Weight loss, hypersalivation
DDx = Rabies!
Treatment
IV Sodium Iodine
Broadspectrum antibiotics

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3
Q

Prevention of wooden tongue in cattle

A

Avoid feeding coarse feed
Most common in beef

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4
Q

Actinomycosis (“Lumpy Jaw”) in cattle is

A

Most common in beef
Feed stuff with hard stems, fox tail awns
Abrasions cause microabscesses
Actinomyces bovis
Colonize soft tissues then bone

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5
Q

Actinomycosis (“Lumpy Jaw”) c/s and treatment in cattle

A

Weight loss, hypersalivation, hard swelling of bone
DDx– Rabies!
Treatment
IV Sodium Iodine
Broadspectrum antibiotics

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6
Q

Prevention of lumpy jaw in cattle

A

Avoid feeding course feed

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7
Q

Lactic acidosis (“Grain Overload”) can be caused by what in cattle

A

Rapid increase in concentrates or grain
Feedlot calves transitioned too quickly
Dairy cows on wrong Total Mixed Ration
Beef cattle in grain bin
Carbohydrates rapidly ferment to produce lactic acid
Ruminal pH decreases, kills ruminal microbes
Acidic environment osmotically draws fluid into rumen
Systemic dehydration
Damage to rumen mucosa
Acute-Mild bloat, decreased rumen motility, dehydration, diarrhea, recumbency
Emergency!
Chronic–liver abscesses

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8
Q

C/S of lactic acidosis in cattle

A

Acute-Mild bloat, decreased rumen motility, dehydration, diarrhea, recumbency
Emergency!
Chronic–liver abscesses

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9
Q

Treatment of lactic acidosis in cattle

A

Lavage rumen/surgery
IV fluids
Transfaunation

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10
Q

Ruminal tympany is in catlte

A

Distension of the rumen
Many different diseases/conditions
A symptom, NOT a diagnosis!
Any cattle, any production phase
Distension of the upper left quadrant first
Then lower left, lower right, upper right

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11
Q

Steps of ruminal tympany in cattle

A

Increase Rumen Gas
Decrease Rumen motility
Abnormal Rumen Microbes
Lower Esophageal Sphincter Obstructed
Eructation Impaired
Pressure on Diaphragm and Vena Cava
Decreased Respiration and Venous Return
Death

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12
Q

Primary bloat vs seconday bloat signs in cattel

A

Primary
-“Frothy Bloat”
Secondary
-“Free gas bloat”
-Vagal Indigestion–damage to vagus nerve = reduced rumen function

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13
Q

Primary bloat in cattle is caused by

A

Ruminal gases trapped in stable foam
Cannot eructate
Legumes with high protein
Alfalfa, clover
Not enough forage to stimulate rumen motility

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14
Q

Treatment of primary bloat in cattle

A

Pass orogastric tube, rumen trocar
Administer anti-foaming agent
DSS, canola oil

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15
Q

Secondary type I in cattle is

A

failure of eructation: obstruction of the esophagus
Foreign body (potato), mass (lymphoma, abscess)

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16
Q

Type Ii secondary bloat in cattle

A

failure of omasal transport: feed cannot be transported from rumen to omasum
Foreign body (trichobezoar, potato), mass (lymphoma, abscess), damage to vagal nerve (ex. Hardware disease), decreased rumen motility (ruminal acidosis, hypocalcemia, ketosis)

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17
Q

Type III secondary bloat in cattle is

A

failure of abomasal outflow: feed cannot be transported from abomasum to duodenum
Foreign body (trichobezoar, abomasal impaction), mass (lymphoma, abscess), damage to vagal nerve (hardware disease), abomasal displacement

18
Q

Treatment of secondary bloat in cattle

A

Pass orogastric tube
Place temporary rumen trocar
Permanent rumenotomy surgery–“bloat hole”
Prognosis depends on cause

19
Q

Traumatic reticuloperitonitis (“Hardware disease”) is caused by what in cattle

A

Caudal pointing papillae in oral mucosa
Cannot easily spit out foreign material
Ex. Nails, wire
Heavy foreign bodies sink to bottom of reticulum
Penetrate reticulum–peritonitis
Penetrate diaphragm–pericarditis
If involvement of vagus nerve = vagal indigestion/bloat

20
Q

Symptoms of hardware disease in cattle

A

Inappetence, decreased milk production, reluctance to move, reduced rumen contractions, ”papple bloat”
Positive “grunt” test, withers test
Pulsing jugular, Heart murmur

21
Q

How to diagnose and treat hardware disease in cattle

A

Diagnosis
- Radiographs and ultrasound
Treatment
-Rumenotomy
-Broad spectrum antibiotics

22
Q

Prevention of hardware disease in cattle

A

Oral magnet

23
Q

Abomasal displacement in cattle is

A

High concentrate low roughage diet
Excess gas production
Dilation of abomasum
Subclinical ketosis, hypocalcemia
Decreased motility

24
Q

Signs of abomasal displacement and treatment

A

“Ping” at gas-fluid interface
Basketball being bounced in a gym
Treatment
Fluid therapy
Propylene glycol for ketosis
Abdominal surgery
Rolling and toggling
Pyloropexy–Right paralumbar fossa approach ideal.

25
Q

Anesthesia for an abomasal displacement in cattle

A

Anesthesia:
+/- sedation
Blocks: paravertebral, inverted L, line block
Common in dairy

26
Q

Abomasal impaction in cattle is caused by

A

Cattle fed too much straw to prolong hay stores
Rumen microbes cannot effectively digest straw
Abomasum becomes impacted

27
Q

Abomasal impaction in cows c/s

A

Usually several cows affected
Inappentence, weight loss, distension of lower right and left quadrants

28
Q

Treatment and prevention of abomasal impaction in cattle

A

Treatment-surgery
Prognosis-poor
Common in beef

29
Q

Diarrhea in cattle

A

Any cattle, any age, any stage of production
Watery, doesn’t hold form
Normal is cake batter consistency
Feces smeared all over hindquarters and tail
Some perineum staining is normal

30
Q

BVD affects what cattle

A

6–24 months of age
Transient fever, diarrhea, ulcers in mouth and coronary bands
Most recover
Or immunocompromised and die of other causes

31
Q

What happens if a pregnant cow is infected by BVD

A

Infection during pregnancy
Abortion
Persistently infected calf
Source of infection for rest of herd

32
Q

BVD persistently infected calves

A

Stunted and unthrifty
Outwardly normal

33
Q

How to isolate BVD

A

Fecal sample
Intermittently shed
Ear notches of suspect PI calves
No treatment
Vaccination

34
Q

Paratuberculosis (“Johne’s Disease”) is infected by in cattle

A

Fecal- oral infection
Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP)
Persistent in the environment for up to one year

35
Q

Signs of Paratuberculosis (“Johne’s Disease”) in cattle

A

Symptomatic after years
Granulomatosis enteritis
Protein loss, malabsorption
Diarrhea
Lose condition despite good appetite

36
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of Johnes disease in cattle

A

Diagnosis
PCR of feces
Intermittant shedding
No Treatment
Identify and cull high shedders

37
Q

Prevention of paratuberculosis in cattle

A

Test all new incoming cattle
Closed herd
Vaccination

38
Q

Coccidiosis infects what cattle

A

One month to one year of age
Protozoal infection with Eimeria sp

39
Q

Coccidiosis in cattle is caused by

A

Crowded pens
Nursery pens
Feedlots

40
Q

Symptoms of coccidiosis in cattle

A

Decreased weight gain
Soft feces to bloody watery diarrhea
Specific smell
Lethargy
Colic
Weight loss

41
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of coccidiosis in cattle

A

Diagnosis
Oocysts fecal sample
Treatment
Self-limiting
Sulfonamides
Rumensin
Coccidiostat
Increases feed conversion efficiency

LA medicine (21 decks)

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