Calf diseases Flashcards

Question

Diagnosis of white muscle disease in calves

Answer 1

Hypovitaminosis E of serum of live calves Necropsy Liver tissue samples Pale skeletal, heart muscle

Answer 2

Treatment Vitamin E/Selenium injections affected calves Prevention Supplement cows Administer Vitamin E/Selenium to all cows and calves

Answer 3

Regardless of cause, calf fluid therapy follows same basic structure Must address: Dehydration Acidosis Electrolyte loss

Answer 4

Loss of fluids causing hypovolemia of the systemic circulation Prolonged skin tent Eyeball recession

Answer 5

Loss of bicarbonate in feces Increased motility Systemic acidosis

Answer 6

Loss of sodium, potassium, magnesium Increased motility

Answer 7

Normal demeanor No eyeball recession <1s

Answer 8

Slightly depressed 2-4mm eyeball recesion 2-4s skin tent

Answer 9

Depressed 4-6mm eyeball recession 4-6s skin tent

Answer 10

Comatose 6-8mm eyeball recession >6s skin tent

Answer 11

<8% dehydrated Still standing Suck reflex Gastric motility Strong suckle –bottle Prevent aspiration pneumonia Weak suckle–oroesophageal feeder Oral electrolyte solution Alkalinzing agent Glucose Osmolarity of at least 60 mmol/L Calf-Lyte II 1 package per 2 L of warm water Twice a day mild dehydration Supplement with milk

Answer 12

< or = 8days old is 0mmol/L deficit >8days old 5mmol/L deficit

Answer 13

< or = to 8 days old 5mmol/L deficit > 8days old 10 mmol/L deficit

Answer 14

< or = 8 days old deficit of 10mmol/L >8 days old deficit of 15 mmol/L

Answer 15

< or = 8 days old deficit of 15 mmol/L > 8 dyas old deficit of 20mmol/L

Answer 16

Position the calf in sternal, or back it into the corner if it is still standing. Point the nose so the neck is straight and parallel with your non-dominant hand. This will decrease the likelihood of accidentally passing the tube into the trachea. Use your dominant hand to pass the end of the tube into the mouth and towards the back of the pharynx. The calf will swallow and make chewing motions as the tube is passed. Continue to gently pass the tube into the back of the pharynx as the calf swallows it. Observe the tube passing into the esophagus on the left side of the neck. The end of the ball on the tube should be felt at the base of the neck. The tube MUST be either confidently seen pass or felt with your non-dominant hand as it passes into the esophagus. If you are not confident with placement, remove the tube and try again Two tube rule! Feel both the trachea and the oroesophageal feeder. Elevate the bag containing the electrolytes or colostrum. Release the stopper and allow the fluid to gravity flow into the stomach while continuing to keep the head level to the ground or slightly elevated above the stomach with your non-dominant hand. If the head does not remain slightly above the stomach, fluid could run out of the esophagus and be aspirated into the lungs. When the fluid is finished being administered, close the stopper and remove the tube. The stopper MUST be closed, or the tube kinked before removal to prevent aspiration of the fluid as the tube is being removed.

Answer 17

>8% dehydrated Recumbent No gut motility No suck reflex Add oral fluids when gut motility and suck reflex return Blood gas to determine acidosis and electrolyte status Unrealistic in field scenario Sterile fluids, extension sets, additives Unrealistic in herd outbreak scenario Cost prohibitive

Answer 18

Cut down to assess vein Two people More secure, fast administration

Answer 19

No cut down One person Less secure, slower administration

Answer 20

Per 1L distilled water Create osmolarity of 300 mmol/L 9 grams table salt (Sodium chloride) per litre Correct acidosis Determine base deficit Determine how much mEq sodium bicarbonate needs to be added per litre 0.6 x base deficit x weight in kg (See Table slide 31 for base deficit estimation) 1 gram baking soda = 12 mEq of sodium bicarbonate