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BIO2402 > REPO > Flashcards

REPO Flashcards

1
Q

There is no discernible physical differences in gender until

A

Week 8

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2
Q

What is needed for embryo to develop sex characteristics

A

Testosterone

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3
Q

How many chromosome pairs do you receive from each parent

A

23

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4
Q

Chromosomes that determine gender

A

sex chromosomes

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5
Q

chromosomes that do not determine gender

A

autosomes

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6
Q

XX

A

Female

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7
Q

XY

A

Male

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8
Q

What is SRY

A

sex determining region of the y chromosome

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9
Q

What are the 3 indifferent sexual structures

A
  1. Genital tubercle
  2. Urethral folds
  3. Labioscrotal folds
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10
Q

What is the penis homologous with

A

the clitoris

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11
Q

What does the genital tubercle form in males

A

Penis

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12
Q

What does the urethral folds form in males

A

Spongy urethra

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13
Q

What does the labioscrotal fold form in males

A

The scrotum

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14
Q

What does the genital tubercle form in females

A

clitoris

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15
Q

What does the urethral folds form in females

A

labia minora

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16
Q

What does the labioscrotal fold form in females

A

labia majora

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17
Q

Ovaries

A

located in abdominal cavity, each side of uterus

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18
Q

Ova

A

eggs, develop in fetal development- 6 million

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19
Q

How many eggs are left after childhood

A

400,000- can not be produced

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20
Q

Ovulation

A

release of egg.

Occurs every 28 days (middle of cycle)

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21
Q

Where are eggs developed and released

A

Follicles inside the ovary

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22
Q

What are the ovarian ligaments

A

Attaches the ovaries to the uterus

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23
Q

What is the suspensory ligament

A

Attaches ovaries to the pelvic wall

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24
Q

What are the broad ligaments

A

Suppports the ovaduct, uterus and vagina

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25
Q

Oviducts [AKA fallopian tubes, uteriine tube]

A

funnel shaped to catch eggs
lined with cillia
moves eggs slowly
SITE OF FERTILIZATION

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26
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus

A
  1. Endometrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Perimetrium
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27
Q

How long is the baby held

A

266 days

or 280 from last menstruation

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28
Q

What is the Cerivix

A

Meeting of vagina and uterus

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29
Q

Vulva

A

external gentalia

30
Q

What is the Mons Pubis

A

fat tissue over pubic symphysis

31
Q

What is the labia majora

A

outer fold containing pubic hair (homologous with scrotum)

32
Q

What is the Labia minora

A

Inner folds, no pubic hair

33
Q

What is the clitoris

A

“Sexual sensation” area (homologous with penis)

34
Q

What is the pigmentation of the breast called

35
Q

How much milk is produced during breast feeding

36
Q

What does progesterone do

A

Helps establish and regulate uterine cycle during pregnancy, and prepares breast for lactation. *inhibits uterus contraction *

37
Q

What do androgens do

A

From the ovaries and adrenal cortex
stim pubic&axillary hair
stimulates libido

38
Q

What is menarche

A

1st period

39
Q

What % body fat does a girl have to have to begin menstration

40
Q

What % body fat is required to support pregnacncy

A

22% (will loose period if drops below)

41
Q

What is the estrous cycle

A

Most mammals- cats, dogs, elephants (endothelium absorbed)

42
Q

What is the menstrual cycle

A

Primates- apes, humans (endothelium sloughed off)

43
Q

What are the 2 female cycles that happen simultaneously

A
  1. Ovarian cycle–> events in the ovary

2. Menstrual cycle–> events in the uterus

44
Q

What endocrine gland manages the ovaries

A

Anterior pituitary gland

45
Q

What endocrine gland mangages the uterine

46
Q

Where is GnRH produced

A

the hypothalamus

47
Q

Where is LSH and LH produced

A

adenohypophysis

48
Q

Where is Progesterone & estrogens are produced

49
Q

What are the 2 phases of the ovarian cycle

A
  1. Follicular phase (Pre-ovulation)

2. Luteal phase (Post-ovulation) day 14-28

50
Q

What is occurring at the same time as the follicular phase

A

menstruation

51
Q

How much can the follicular phase vary

A

21-40 days

MOST VARIABLE STAGE

52
Q

What is the main hormone active in the follicular stage

53
Q

When does ovulation occur (day in the cylce)

54
Q

What is the homrone that cuases ovulation

A

LH (lutinizing hormone)

55
Q

What produces LH

A

High estrogen levels

56
Q

What is the follicle called after ovulation

A

Corpus Luteum

57
Q

Under the influence of LH, what does the corpus luteum produce

A

proestrogen, estrogens,inhibin

58
Q

When does the Luteal phase take place

A

from ovulation to the onset of menstruation

59
Q

how long is the luteal phase?

A

ALWAYS 14 days

60
Q

What does the corpus luteum do if pregnancy occuers

A

Continues to produce hormones for 3 more months, when the placenta takes over

61
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur? what is it called

A

starts to degenerate after 10 days–> becomes corpus albicans

62
Q

What happens when the corpus luteum stops producing progesterone

A

menstruation occurs

63
Q

What happens when the corpus luteum stops producing inhibin

A

anterior pituitary starts producing FSH again, so new follicles are created

64
Q

What are the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle

A
  1. menstrual phase (1-5) [pre-ovulation]
  2. proliferative phase (6-140 [pre-ovulation]
  3. secretory phase (15-28) [post-ovulation]
65
Q

What occurs during the menstrual phase

A

menstrual dischage 150 ml

66
Q

What occurs during the proliferative phase

A

endothelium of uterus is being build up through mitosis

caused by estrogen

67
Q

What is occuring at the same time as the menstrual and prolifertive phase

A

follicular phase

68
Q

What occurs during the secretory phase

A

Increaes thickness of endothelium due to fluid build up

69
Q

When does the secretory phase occur

A

Right after ovulation

70
Q

What is the hormone controling the secretory phase

A

progesterone

71
Q

What happens when proestrogen drops

A

arteries suppying the endothelium contract–> causing endothelial ishemia

BIO2402 (6 decks)

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