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BIO2402 > REPO > Flashcards

REPO Flashcards

1
Q

There is no discernible physical differences in gender until

A

Week 8

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2
Q

What is needed for embryo to develop sex characteristics

A

Testosterone

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3
Q

How many chromosome pairs do you receive from each parent

A

23

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4
Q

Chromosomes that determine gender

A

sex chromosomes

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5
Q

chromosomes that do not determine gender

A

autosomes

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6
Q

XX

A

Female

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7
Q

XY

A

Male

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8
Q

What is SRY

A

sex determining region of the y chromosome

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9
Q

What are the 3 indifferent sexual structures

A
  1. Genital tubercle
  2. Urethral folds
  3. Labioscrotal folds
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10
Q

What is the penis homologous with

A

the clitoris

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11
Q

What does the genital tubercle form in males

A

Penis

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12
Q

What does the urethral folds form in males

A

Spongy urethra

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13
Q

What does the labioscrotal fold form in males

A

The scrotum

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14
Q

What does the genital tubercle form in females

A

clitoris

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15
Q

What does the urethral folds form in females

A

labia minora

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16
Q

What does the labioscrotal fold form in females

A

labia majora

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17
Q

Ovaries

A

located in abdominal cavity, each side of uterus

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18
Q

Ova

A

eggs, develop in fetal development- 6 million

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19
Q

How many eggs are left after childhood

A

400,000- can not be produced

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20
Q

Ovulation

A

release of egg.

Occurs every 28 days (middle of cycle)

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21
Q

Where are eggs developed and released

A

Follicles inside the ovary

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22
Q

What are the ovarian ligaments

A

Attaches the ovaries to the uterus

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23
Q

What is the suspensory ligament

A

Attaches ovaries to the pelvic wall

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24
Q

What are the broad ligaments

A

Suppports the ovaduct, uterus and vagina

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25
Oviducts [AKA fallopian tubes, uteriine tube]
funnel shaped to catch eggs lined with cillia moves eggs slowly *SITE OF FERTILIZATION*
26
What are the 3 layers of the uterus
1. Endometrium 2. Myometrium 3. Perimetrium
27
How long is the baby held
266 days | or 280 from last menstruation
28
What is the Cerivix
Meeting of vagina and uterus
29
Vulva
external gentalia
30
What is the Mons Pubis
fat tissue over pubic symphysis
31
What is the labia majora
outer fold containing pubic hair (homologous with scrotum)
32
What is the Labia minora
Inner folds, no pubic hair
33
What is the clitoris
"Sexual sensation" area (homologous with penis)
34
What is the pigmentation of the breast called
Areola
35
How much milk is produced during breast feeding
1.5L/day
36
What does progesterone do
Helps establish and regulate uterine cycle during pregnancy, and prepares breast for lactation. *inhibits uterus contraction *
37
What do androgens do
From the ovaries and adrenal cortex stim pubic&axillary hair stimulates libido
38
What is menarche
1st period
39
What % body fat does a girl have to have to begin menstration
17%
40
What % body fat is required to support pregnacncy
22% (will loose period if drops below)
41
What is the estrous cycle
Most mammals- cats, dogs, elephants (endothelium absorbed)
42
What is the menstrual cycle
Primates- apes, humans (endothelium sloughed off)
43
What are the 2 female cycles that happen simultaneously
1. Ovarian cycle--> events in the ovary | 2. Menstrual cycle--> events in the uterus
44
What endocrine gland manages the ovaries
Anterior pituitary gland
45
What endocrine gland mangages the uterine
ovaries
46
Where is GnRH produced
the hypothalamus
47
Where is LSH and LH produced
adenohypophysis
48
Where is Progesterone & estrogens are produced
ovaries
49
What are the 2 phases of the ovarian cycle
1. Follicular phase (Pre-ovulation) | 2. Luteal phase (Post-ovulation) day 14-28
50
What is occurring at the same time as the follicular phase
menstruation
51
How much can the follicular phase vary
21-40 days | *MOST VARIABLE STAGE*
52
What is the main hormone active in the follicular stage
FSH
53
When does ovulation occur (day in the cylce)
14
54
What is the homrone that cuases ovulation
LH (lutinizing hormone)
55
What produces LH
High estrogen levels
56
What is the follicle called after ovulation
Corpus Luteum
57
Under the influence of LH, what does the corpus luteum produce
proestrogen, estrogens,inhibin
58
When does the Luteal phase take place
from ovulation to the onset of menstruation
59
how long is the luteal phase?
ALWAYS 14 days
60
What does the corpus luteum do if pregnancy occuers
Continues to produce hormones for 3 more months, when the placenta takes over
61
What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur? what is it called
starts to degenerate after 10 days--> becomes corpus albicans
62
What happens when the corpus luteum stops producing progesterone
menstruation occurs
63
What happens when the corpus luteum stops producing inhibin
anterior pituitary starts producing FSH again, so new follicles are created
64
What are the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle
1. menstrual phase (1-5) [pre-ovulation] 2. proliferative phase (6-140 [pre-ovulation] 3. secretory phase (15-28) [post-ovulation]
65
What occurs during the menstrual phase
menstrual dischage 150 ml
66
What occurs during the proliferative phase
endothelium of uterus is being build up through mitosis | caused by estrogen
67
What is occuring at the same time as the menstrual and prolifertive phase
follicular phase
68
What occurs during the secretory phase
Increaes thickness of endothelium due to fluid build up
69
When does the secretory phase occur
Right after ovulation
70
What is the hormone controling the secretory phase
progesterone
71
What happens when proestrogen drops
arteries suppying the endothelium contract--> causing endothelial ishemia

BIO2402 (6 decks)

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