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BIO2402 > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

What are the macronutrients

A

carbs, proteins, fat

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2
Q

What are micronutrients

A

vitamins

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3
Q

What is the alimentary canal

A

the 30 ft tube that ingested material passes through: mouth, pharynx, stomach, LI, SI

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4
Q

What are some accessory structures

A

teeth, tongue,gallbladder,salivary glands, liver (not part of the tube)

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5
Q

What are the 6 digestive processes

A
  1. ingestion
  2. Propulsion
  3. Mechanical digestion
  4. Chemical digestion
  5. Absorption
  6. Defication
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6
Q

What is deglutition

A

swallowing

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7
Q

What is peristalis

A

series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract

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8
Q

What are the 4 layers of the small intestine

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis Externa
  4. Serosa
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9
Q

What are the 3 sublayers of the mucosa

A
  1. epithelium: Simple columnar, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells that produce hormone
  2. lamina propria: loose CT w/ much nerves/cap/lymph
  3. Muscularis mucosae: thin layer of muscle. (not main muscle layer)
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10
Q

What is the function of the mucosa

A

secretion(mucus, enxymes, hormones) and absorption

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11
Q

What is the submucosa

A

layer of dense ct.

extensive vascualar system to transport absorbed materials

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12
Q

What is the muscularis externa

A

responsible for gut motility for peristalsis

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13
Q

What is the serosa

A

layer of loose (areolar) connective tissue

  • forms part of the peritoneum
  • above diaphragm, the lining is fibrous connective tissue called the ADVENTITIA
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14
Q

What is the enteric nervous system

A

the system that regulates the motility, secretions and blood flow to the digestive system

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15
Q

What are the two networks that are a part of the parasympathetic nervous system (in the enteric nerv. sys.)

A
  1. Submucosal nerve plexus

2. Myenteric nerve plexus

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16
Q

What is the submucosal nerve plexus

A
  • in submucosa
  • sensory and motor
  • regulates glands and the smooth muscles in the mucosa
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17
Q

What is the myenteric nerve plexus

A
  • between layers of the muscularis externa

- controls peristalsis

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18
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

a double layer of peritoneum that extends from the peritoneum of the body wall to the dig. organs (path for nerves, lmyph and fat storage)

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19
Q

What is the lesser omentum

A

mesenteric tissue extending from the stomach up to the liver

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20
Q

what is the greater omentum

A

layer of fat hanging down from the stomach that covers intestines like an apron

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21
Q

How many deciduous (baby) are there

A

20

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22
Q

How many permanent teeth are there

A

32

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23
Q

Incisors

A

sharp teeth used for cutting, to bite off a piece of food

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24
Q

Canines

A

more pointed teeth to puncture and shred food

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25
Q

premolars (biscuspis) and molars

A

flat broad surfaces for grinding and chewing food

26
Q

What does the pharynx do

A

connects the oral cavity to the esophagus

27
Q

What does the esophagus do

A

connects the pharynx to the stomach

28
Q

does digestion or absorption occur in the esophagus ?

A

heck no

29
Q

How much can your stomach hold

A

4 liters(50ml when empty)

30
Q

What are the 4 regions of the stomach

A
  1. Cardiac region
  2. Fundic region
  3. Body
  4. Pyloric region
31
Q

What is the inner lining in the stomach that stretches as the stomach fills

A

rugae

32
Q

cardiac region

A

small area where the esophagus goes into the stomach

33
Q

fundic region

A

dome-shaped upper portion

34
Q

body

A

bulk of the stomach

35
Q

pyloric region

A

narrow pouch at the end

36
Q

What does the chief cells do

A

-produce pepsin (a protease) and gastric lipase at the base of gastric glands

37
Q

What do parietal cells do

A

secrete HCI giving the pH of 1.5-3.0

-Secretes intrinic factor (needed for 12 absorpt)

38
Q

What do mucous cells do

A

produce acidic mucous

39
Q

what do enteronedocrine cells do

A

produces over 20 hormones inculding gastrin, serotonin, cholecystokinin CCK

40
Q

What are the circular folds of the SI

A

plicae

-causes chyme to spiral

41
Q

What are the major brush border enzymes

A 
maltase
sucrase
lactase
aminopeptidase
dipeptidases
42
Q

Where does the illeum enter the LI

A

ileocecal valce

43
Q

What are the liver lobes separated by

A

the falciform ligament

44
Q

What is the livers only digestive function

A

produce bile

45
Q

review ducts

A

for real

46
Q

What produces bile

A

liver

47
Q

what secretes bile

A

gallbladder

48
Q

What does the pancreas do

A

releases pancreatic juice into the duodenum

49
Q

NaHCO3

A

buffers the chyme

-released in pancreatic juice

50
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

-released in pancreatic juice

51
Q

Secretin

A

released from duodenum

  • Stimulated release by acid*
  • bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice*
52
Q

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A
  • stimulated release by protein and fat*

* enzyme rich pancreatic juice*

53
Q

Protease

A

Protein breaking enzyme

54
Q

Amylase

A

Starch breaking enzyme

55
Q

Lipase

A

Fat breaking enzyme

56
Q

What is maltase made of

A

glucose + glucose

57
Q

What is sucrase made of

A

glucose + fructose

58
Q

What is lactase made of

A

glucose + glactose

59
Q

carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, and dipeptidases

A

brush border enzymes that break down proteins

60
Q

what are the things responsible for fat digestion

A

lingual lipase, gastic lipase, and PANCREATIC LIPASE

61
Q

what happens when lipid is broken down

A

TWO fatty acids and one monoglyceride

BIO2402 (6 decks)

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