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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The diagram shows the unspecialised cells of a mammalian embryo soon after fertilisation.

What is the correct description of these cells?

A

stem cells undergoing mitosis

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2
Q

Restriction enzymes purpose

A

Red Dog. Cut DNA.

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3
Q

What is the fovea and its contents?

A

It is the part of the retina where cone cells are very tightly packed; this is where light is focused when you look directly at an object. Rods are found further out on the retina and are less tightly packed, showing us a less detailed image.

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4
Q

Which statements describe how an oxygen debt is removed after vigorous exercise?

1 Lactic acid is transported to the liver.
2 Lactic acid is respired aerobically.
3 Heart rate stays high to remove lactic acid from the muscles.

A

All 3.

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5
Q

Cross-pollinated vs Self-pollinated

A

Cross: same species, different plant
Self: same plant, same or different flower

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6
Q

What happens to the mass of DNA in a nucleus before mitosis occurs?

A

Doubles.

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7
Q

Decomposition

A

The plant protein, containing nitrogen, is broken down to ammonium ions which are then released into the soil.

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8
Q

Plants use nitrate ions to make plant proteins. This process is called?

A

Absorption

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9
Q

Cellulose can be broken down to..

A

Glucose.

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10
Q

That weird chloroplast oxygen bacteria question.

A

Photosynthesis

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11
Q

The villus. Which vessel transports to the liver?

A

The vein, on the right.

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12
Q

What do the structures in villi absorb?

A

Blood capillary: glucose and amino acids
Lacteal: fatty acids and glycerol

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13
Q

Which statement about the synthesis of a protein molecule in a cell is correct?

A

The sequence of amino acids is determined by the sequence of bases in the mRNA.

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14
Q

In humans, what is the genotype of a red-green colour-blind male?

A

X^rY

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

Scientists discover a new species of animal.
It has a segmented body with two pairs of legs on each segment.
To which group of animals does this new species belong?

A

Myriapods

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17
Q

Which process is involved in the uptake of glucose by the epithelial cells of kidney tubules?

A

active transport

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18
Q

Starch is digested by amylase in the mouth, but it is not digested in the stomach.
What is the reason for this?

A

The pH in the stomach is not suitable for the amylase to work.

19
Q

A plant with striped leaves was kept in bright light for six hours.

white stripe

green stripe

A leaf was taken from the plant and the chlorophyll was removed. The leaf was then tested for
starch using iodine solution.
Which diagram shows the result of the test?

A

yellow-brown for white stripe and blue-black for green stripe

20
Q

Water diffuses into the root hair cell. Water travels by osmosis through the..

A

cortex. Some water seeps in between or through cell walls, not always entering the cell. Water reaches the xylem in the middle of the root.

21
Q

Which statements about auxin are correct?
1 Auxin is made in all cells in plants.
2 Auxin causes cells to elongate.
3 Auxin moves between the cells by osmosis.
4 Auxin is unequally distributed.

A

2 and 4

22
Q

A zygote has ten chromosomes in its nucleus.
Which row shows the number of chromosomes in the cells of this species?
1.Body cells, sperm cells, embryo cells.

A
  1. 10
  2. 5
  3. 10
23
Q

How will the composition of a pregnant woman’s blood change as it passes through the placenta?

A

Oxygen decreases. Urea increases.

24
Q

One type of contraceptive pill contains progesterone and oestrogen. Some effects of the pill are
listed.
1 inhibit FSH production
2 inhibit LH production
3 inhibit thickening of the uterus wall
Which prevent the development and the release of an egg cell?

A

all 3

25
Q

The diagram shows a section of a flower that has been cross-pollinated.

Which statements about this flower are correct?
1 The pollen produced by this flower will be genetically different from the pollen on the
stigma.
2 The pollen was carried to the stigma by wind.
3 This flower is insect-pollinated because the stigma is enclosed by the petals.
4 The pollen was produced by another flower on the same plant.

A

1 and 3

26
Q

What is the onion bulb acting as in stage 3 and in stage 6?
3 -> leaves long, bulb small
6 -> leaves short, bulb big

A

sink
source

27
Q

How are the leaves on a dicotyledon?

A

broad leaves

28
Q

If vasodilation occurs at X, what happens to the blood flow at Y and Z?

A

increases

29
Q

What are the 4 phases? Explain whether the reproduction rate is higher than the death rate at each phase.

A

lag- yes
exponential- yes
stationary- no
death- no

30
Q

The graph shows how the turgor pressure inside a plant cell varies when the cell is placed in external solutions of different concentrations. Graph is showing ‘deceleration’.

What is the state of the cell at point X, the end part?

A

It has lost water and is flaccid.

31
Q

The valves in the heart.

A

Between the atrium and ventricle: (atrioventricular valves) bicuspid and tricuspid (right)

semi-lunar: ones at the top, prevent backflow

32
Q

The valves in the heart.

A

Between the atrium and ventricle: (atrioventricular valves) bicuspid and tricuspid (right)

semi-lunar: ones at the top, prevent backflow

33
Q

Which substances are excreted from the human body?

1 carbon dioxide
2 urea
3 water

A

All 3

34
Q

Suggested actions for reducing bacterial resistance.

A

Only use antibiotics when necessary.
Do not use antibiotics to treat viral infections.

35
Q

A disease cannot be treated with antibiotics.
What could be the reasons for this?

1 It is not a bacterial disease.
2 The pathogen is a virus.
3 The patient has become resistant to the antibiotic.

A

1 and 2 only

36
Q

In a mesophyll cell, where are chloroplasts found?

A

cytoplasm

37
Q

The concentration of nitrate ions is higher inside a root hair cell than in the soil.
What would be required for the absorption of nitrate ions into the root hair cell?
1 mitochondria
2 oxygen
3 membrane proteins
4 cell wall

A

1,2,3

38
Q

Which part absorbs the most water in the digestive system?

A

small intestine

39
Q

Three statements about anaerobic respiration are listed.
1 In humans, the product is lactic acid.
2 In yeast, the product is lactic acid.
3 It releases more energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration.
Which statements are correct?

A

1 only

40
Q

What is the balanced chemical equation for a type of respiration that occurs in yeast?

A

C6H12O6 = 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

41
Q

The 3 neurones.

A

sensory= very long and skinny
relay= looks like an eyeball
motor= the regular one

42
Q

Some statements about mutations are given.

1 A random change in the amino acid sequence in DNA causes gene mutation.
2 A mutation is a genetic change.
3 Ionising radiation decreases the rate of mutation.
4 New alleles are formed by mutations.

Which statements are correct?

A

random change in sequence of bases in dna
ionising radiation increases the rate of mutations
2 and 4

43
Q

Some ways in which humans make use of organisms are listed.

1 using yeast to produce ethanol
2 artificial selection of sheep with thick wool
3 using bacteria to produce human substances
What are examples of genetic modification?

A

3 only

Bio MC (10 decks)

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