Keywords~

Question 1

Define the term inheritance.

Answer 1

the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

Question 2

Define chromosome.

Answer 2

a length of DNA found in the nucleus of a cell; it contains genetic information in the form of many different genes

Question 3

Assimilation

Answer 3

the uptake and use of nutrients by cells

Question 4

Transmissible disease

Answer 4

a disease that can be passed from one host to another; they are caused by pathogens

Question 5

Hormone

Answer 5

chemicals that are produced by a gland and carried in the blood, which alter the activities of their specific target organs

Question 6

Population

Answer 6

a group of organsims of one species living in the same area at the same time

Question 7

Ecosystem

Answer 7

a unit containing all of the organisms in a community and their environment, interacting together

Question 8

Define the term diffusion.

Answer 8

The net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration caused by the random movement of particles

Question 9

Define allele

Answer 9

Alternate form of a gene

Question 10

Define sense organ

Answer 10

a group of receptor cells that are able to respond to a specific stimulus

Question 11

Define tissue. Give an example

Answer 11

group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function; EG: layer of cells lining the stomach which make enzymes

Question 12

Define bacteria. What’s one strange thing about them?

Answer 12

unicellular organisms whose cells do not contain a nucleus, mitochondria or chloroplast but do photosynthesise

Question 13

Define active transport

Answer 13

the movement of molecules or ions through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration (against the concentration gradient) using energy from respiration

Question 14

Define double circulatory system

Answer 14

a system in which blood passes through the heart twice on one complete circuit of the body

Question 15

Define gene

Answer 15

length of DNA that codes for one protein

Question 16

homeostasis definition

Answer 16

the maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 17

Define excretion

Answer 17

the removal of waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements

Question 18

What is an organ?

Answer 18

group of tissues that work together to perform a particular function (several organs for organ system)
an onion bulb is even an organ

Question 19

Define decomposer.

Answer 19

an organism that gets its energy from dead organic material

Question 20

Define stem cell

Answer 20

Stem cells are unspecialised cells that can divide by mitosis to produce different types of specialised cells.They have the potential to become specialised themselves.

Question 21

Describe what is meant by the term species.

Answer 21

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.

Question 22

State what is meant by a monoculture.

Answer 22

an area of ground covered in a single crop in production with almost no other species present

Question 23

Describe what is meant by the term catalyst.

Answer 23

catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of reaction and is not used up in the reaction.

Question 24

Describe what is meant by a gene mutation.

Answer 24

random changes in the base sequence of DNA; can produce new alleles

Question 25

Cross-pollination

Answer 25

the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of the flower to the stigma of a flower on a different plant of the same species

Question 26

self-pollination

Answer 26

the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or a different flower on the same plant

Question 27

sustainable resource

Answer 27

one that is produced as rapidly as it is removed from the environment, so that it does not run out

Question 28

Define sensitivity.

Answer 28

the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment

Question 29

Define growth

Answer 29

a permanent increase in dry mass and size

Question 30

Define chemical digestion

Answer 30

breakdown of large insoluble molecules in food into small soluble molecules, so that they can be absorbed

Question 31

Define asexual reproduction.

Answer 31

process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent

Question 32

Define sexual reproduction.

Answer 32

process involving the fusion of nuclei of two gametes (this is callled fertilisation) to form a zygote and production of offspring that are genetically different from each other

Question 33

Define the term co-dominance

Answer 33

alleles that are both expressed in the phenotype when they are both present

Question 34

Define the term phenotype.

Answer 34

the observable features of an organism

Question 35

Define the term sex-linked characteristic.

Answer 35

genes are found on either the X or Y chromosome, they therefore produce characteristics that are more common in one sex than the other

Question 36

What happens during plasmolysis?

Answer 36

Cell membrane tears away from the cell wall, can kill a plant cell. Because cell membrane is damaged as it tears away.

Question 37

What are nerve impulses?

Answer 37

An electrical signal, that passes rapidly, along an axon.

Question 38

What is pollination?

Answer 38

the transfer of pollen grains from the male part of the plant (anther of stamen) to the female part od the plant (stigma)

Question 39

State what is meant by haploid and diploid.

Answer 39

diploid- having two sets of chromosomes haploid- having only a single set of chromosomes

Question 40

What is negative feedback?

Answer 40

a mechanism that detects a move away from the set point, and brings about actions that take the value back towards the set point

Question 41

What is a set point?

Answer 41

the normal value or range for a particular parameter; eg: normal range of blood glucose concentration or the normal body temperature

Question 42

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 42

a condition in which insufficient insulin is secreted by the pancreas, so blood glucose concentration is not controlled