Common Q3~ Flashcards
If too much urea builds up in the blood..
you would get very ill, its toxic to the body
Outline the structure of a kidney.
(tissues and blood vessels)
Tissues making up the outer and inner layers: cortex and medulla.
Renal artery divides to form many tiny, coiled capillaries called glomeruli.
Outline the structure of a kidney.
(nephrons)
Made up of thousands of nephrons. Each begins in the cortex (out and in, out and in). Nephrons join up with the ureter.
Explain how urine is produced. (Blood..)
Blood is filtered in the glomerulus. Only small molecules can pass through the filter, but large molecules and blood cells cannot. Filtrate: water, urea, glucose, ions.
These move into the nephron.
All of the glucose, most of the water and some of the ions are reabsorbed into the blood as the fluid flows through nephron. Blood capillaries come close to the nephron making it easy to move back.
What is the advantage to red blood cells of not having a nucleus?
More space for haemoglobin, and so, able to carry more oxygen. Small enough to squeeze through the smallest capillaries. Biconcave shape provides a large SA and the RBC has a small volume, so diffusion rate of oxygen is great.
Blood glucose concentration too high?
Liver cells break down glycogen to glucose and release it into the blood.
What are the type 1 diabetes symptoms when blood glucose concentration is high?
dry mouth, blurred vision, very thristy, h rate and b rate may increase
What are the type 1 diabetes symptoms when blood glucose concentration is low?
confusion, irrational behaviour, become unconcious
What damage can type 1 diabetes cause?
Over long periods of time, it can damage organs.
What do people with diabetes do regularly in terms of testing?
Habit of checking their blood glucose concentration using a simple sensor.
Can test their urine for glucose using a dipstick. (Should not contain glucose, but if its high..)
What do people with diabetes do regularly in terms of insulin?
Type 1 will take rapid-acting insulin just before or after they eat a meal. Adjust dose accordingly. Long-acting insulin taken daily at the same time, provides background dose of insulin.
What else can people with diabetes do?
Eat little and often. Avoiding large amounts of carbs
Explain why the sex of a child is determined by its father
sex is determined by X and Y chromosomes, females can only provide X chromosome, only males can provide the Y chromosome ;
Outline the role of LH
Causes ovulation.
How do fungus reproduce?
Fungus forms spores, which are tiny groups of cells with a tough, protective outer covering. The spores can be spread by wind or animals, and grow into a new fungus.
