Repeated Measures Designs Flashcards
What is a practice effect?
it is now impossible to have brighter or more motivated people in one condition vs. the other because we are using the SAME people for both conditions.
What are some advantages of repeated measure designs?
Requires fewer participants
Greater sensitivity and power
More efficient
Can be compared
What are some disadvantages of repeated measure designs?
Confounds may be eliminated, but practice effects can occur
How can you control practice effects?
counterbalancing (balance the order of that conditions are administered
What is a complete design?
Each participant completes all conditions several times in different orders each time
Conditions administered enough times to balance out practice effects
What is block randomization?
Each block contains all conditions in random order
Size of block = number of conditions (in a random order)
What is ABBA counterbalancing?
Conditions in one sequence and then in reverse
HH, SS, HS, SH, SH, HS, SS, HH
ABBA is not effective if practice effects are ________
non-linear
ABBA is not effective if abrupt initial changes are followed by _________ changes afterwards
little
Recalling of disturbing images is an example of what?
Abrupt initial changes followed by little change afterwards
What are anticipation effects?
Participant perceives pattern and changes response accordingly
In a _________ ________, practice effects are balanced out for each participant by administering the conditions to each participant several times, using different orders each times
complete design
In a(n) ____________ _________ the task is administered to participant only once in a single order
incomplete design
In an incomplete design, practice effects are balanced _________ participants
across
Even though in incomplete designs conditions are presented in different orders, participants only get assigned to one order. Why is that?
Each condition must appear in each ordinal position equally often
What are the different types of counterbalancing using incomplete designs?
All possible orders
Latin square
Random starting order with rotation
What are some advantages of incomplete designs?
Often more feasible than a complete design
If there are many conditions
When it doesn’t make sense to repeat conditions
What are some disadvantages of incomplete designs?
An individual participant’s responses cannot be interpreted
At least one participant must complete each order in any design
Describe all possible orders counterbalancing?
Each participant randomly assigned to one of all possible orders
What is an issue with all possible orders counterbalancing?
there are N! possible orders, so must have at least N! participants
Describe random starting order with rotation?
Start with a random order, then for each row, rotate one to the left to N rows (like in volleyball)
What is differential transfer?
A problem in some repeated measures designs
Performance on one condition is dependent on the condition that precedes it
If differential transfer is a possibility, should you still use repeated measures?
No, use independent groups. Test for differential transfer by comparing results of repeated measures and independent groups.
Describe the first study and findings in the journal article (about how well women can tell if a man is gay or straight)
We examined heterosexual women’s accuracy in judging male sexual orientation across the fertility cycle and found that women’s accuracy was significantly greater the nearer they were to peak ovulation.
Describe study 2 of the article
In contrast, women’s accuracy was not related to their fertility when they judged the sexual orientations of other women (Study 2).
What is the hypothesis used for the 3rd study in the article?
Increased sexual interest brought about by the increased likelihood of conception near ovulation may therefore influence women’s sensitivity to male sexual orientation.
Describe the 3rd study in the article.
Women primed with romantic thoughts showed significantly greater accuracy in their categorizations of male sexual orientation (but not female sexual orientation) compared with women who were not primed.
