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Research Methods > 1-13-16 Notes > Flashcards

1-13-16 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 precepts are scientists guided by?

A
  • The world is intelligible

- This process is hard, and our minds are prone to illusions and processes.

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2
Q

People tend to be shackled to their __________.

A

ideology

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3
Q

Let the _________ dictate what you believe.

A

evidence

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4
Q

What are variables?

A

Elements investigated in studies that are manipulated, compared or controlled.

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5
Q

An independent variable is the ________ variable.

A

predictor

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6
Q

A dependent variable is the _________ variable.

A

outcome

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7
Q

What are the goals of applying the scientific method to Psychology?

A

Description
Prediction
Explanation
Application

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8
Q

Describe the 1st goal of description and give and example.

A

What is the phenomenon and its characteristics?

Example: What is hunger? or What is love?

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9
Q

Describe the 2nd goal of Prediction and give an example

A

What is associated with the phenomenon? Are two things related?
Example: Poverty predicts school dropout rate

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10
Q

One variable that can predict another means that they are __________.

A

correlated (but correlation doesn’t tell you why 2 variables are correlated)

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11
Q

Describe goal 3 of explanation and give an example.

A 
Why does something occur? 
Example: Does reading before class increase participation?
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12
Q

When a 2nd event is a cause of the 1st, it is known as _____________.

A

causation

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13
Q

Experiments determine causality by eliminating ___________.

A

confounds

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14
Q

What are confounds?

A

Other variables that are causing an effect.

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15
Q

Prediction = ___________

A

correlation

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16
Q

Explanation = ____________

A

causation

17
Q

Describe the 4th goal of Application and give an example.

A

Applied research vs. basic research. Can basic research be applied to improve findings?

18
Q

Name the steps of the research process

A

1) Ask a question
2) Study the literature
3) Develop a hypothesis
4) Design a method
5) Collect data
6) Enter and analyze data
7) Interpret the data
8) Disseminate the results

19
Q

For a hypothesis to be testable, what needs to happen?

A

Constructs must have a good operational definition.

20
Q

What is a construct and what are some examples?

A

A construct is a psychological concept or idea like intelligence or aggressiveness.

21
Q

What is an operational definition?

A

Defining constructs in terms that can be objectively measured.

22
Q

A testable hypothesis makes a __________.

A

prediction

23
Q

Is “self esteem in teenage girls” a good hypothesis?

A

No.

24
Q

Give an example of an adequately defined hypothesis.

A

Intelligent people are happier

25
Q

T/F: Hypotheses cannot be circular.

A

True

26
Q

Given an example of a circular hypothesis.

A

People who are highly aggressive will be more likely to hit another person.

27
Q

Give an example of a non-circular hypothesis.

A

Children with ADHD will pay less attention during a task.

28
Q

Hypotheses also need to be able to be _________.

A

falsifiable

29
Q

Give an example of a falsifiable assertion.

A

Women are better than men at recognizing emotion

30
Q

Give an example of an assertion that is not falsifiable.

A

Stealing is wrong

31
Q

A good hypothesis offers a relationship between variables that is supported by ______________.

A

previous research

32
Q

Once you have a hypothesis with operationally defined construct, you must choose __________ measures with previous support.

A

reliable, valid

33
Q

What is reliability?

A

How consistent a measure is.

34
Q

What is validity?

A

Does it measure what it’s supposed to?

35
Q

A sample should be __________ of the population you want to test.

A

representative

36
Q

Describe descriptive statistics.

A

Summarizing your data

37
Q

Testing for meaningful group differences.

A

Inferential statistics

Research Methods (12 decks)

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