1-27-16 Notes

Question 1

What kinds of potential risks are associated with conducting studies on humans?

Answer 1

Physical, psychological and social

Question 2

What kinds of info is collected in studies?

Answer 2

Sensitive info

Question 3

What kinds of challenges are presented when studying mentally challenged people?

Answer 3

Are they capable of providing consent?

Withholding treatment in a control group

Question 4

There can be a ____________ between experimenter and participant.

Answer 4

power differential

Question 5

What, coupled with power differential tends to happen, albeit unintentionally?

Answer 5

Coercion

Question 6

According to the Nuremberg code, what needs to happen

Answer 6

Voluntary and informed consent is required

Benefit must outweigh risk

Question 7

What did the Declaration of Helsinki say?

Answer 7

All research must be approved by the IRB

Privacy must be respected

Question 8

What established guidelines for IRBs and ethical practices for research with human participants in the US?

Answer 8

National Research Act of ‘74

Question 9

What is the name of the review board related to animals?

Answer 9

IACUC

Question 10

What are benefits to participating in studies?

Answer 10

To participate
To Science
To people in the future

Question 11

Define minimal risk?

Answer 11

The harm of a study does not exceed that in which one would encounter in daily life

Question 12

Describe minimizing risks.

Answer 12

Researchers have a responsibility to minimize risk. While some is acceptable benefits must outweigh the costs.

Question 13

Informed consent is a ________.

Answer 13

process

Question 14

What does the informed consent process ensure for a participant?

Answer 14

Competence
Knowledge
Volition

Question 15

Give examples of limits to the confidentiality clause of informed consent.

Answer 15

Harm to self/others

Child abuse and abuse of elders or others

Question 16

With children ________ is still needed in addition to informed consent from parents.

Answer 16

assent

Question 17

If you are going to use deception, what things should be considered?

Answer 17

The importance of the study
The availability of alternative methods
The noxiousness of deception
If it will cause real pain

Question 18

What are some reasons to debrief a participant after a study>

Answer 18

to “normalize” their behavior during the study and attribute their behavior to situational demands

Question 19

What is the review process for a study?

Answer 19

Goes to peer review, to accept, minor revisions or reject.

Question 20

Are powerful people more likely to cheat and does this change between men and women?

Answer 20

Yes, they are more likely to cheat and women are just as likely as men to cheat,

Question 21

What are some reasons powerful people cheat?

Answer 21

Just the sheer temptation, loneliness, they crave change (most predictive), want adrenaline in their private lives, they might believe they won’t get caught.

Question 22

What method did the researchers use to test their hypotheses?

Answer 22

Online questionnaire, correlational method

Question 23

How is informed consent a process and not just a form?

Answer 23

Participants must understand the nature of the study and the risks associated with it if they are to make an informed decision about being involved. It starts before any forms are signed and goes through the entire duration of study.

Question 24

Why do some critics condemn deception?

Answer 24

It undermines the principles of informed consent.