1-27-16 Notes Flashcards
What kinds of potential risks are associated with conducting studies on humans?
Physical, psychological and social
What kinds of info is collected in studies?
Sensitive info
What kinds of challenges are presented when studying mentally challenged people?
Are they capable of providing consent?
Withholding treatment in a control group
There can be a ____________ between experimenter and participant.
power differential
What, coupled with power differential tends to happen, albeit unintentionally?
Coercion
According to the Nuremberg code, what needs to happen
Voluntary and informed consent is required
Benefit must outweigh risk
What did the Declaration of Helsinki say?
All research must be approved by the IRB
Privacy must be respected
What established guidelines for IRBs and ethical practices for research with human participants in the US?
National Research Act of ‘74
What is the name of the review board related to animals?
IACUC
What are benefits to participating in studies?
To participate
To Science
To people in the future
Define minimal risk?
The harm of a study does not exceed that in which one would encounter in daily life
Describe minimizing risks.
Researchers have a responsibility to minimize risk. While some is acceptable benefits must outweigh the costs.
Informed consent is a ________.
process
What does the informed consent process ensure for a participant?
Competence
Knowledge
Volition
Give examples of limits to the confidentiality clause of informed consent.
Harm to self/others
Child abuse and abuse of elders or others
With children ________ is still needed in addition to informed consent from parents.
assent
If you are going to use deception, what things should be considered?
The importance of the study
The availability of alternative methods
The noxiousness of deception
If it will cause real pain
What are some reasons to debrief a participant after a study>
to “normalize” their behavior during the study and attribute their behavior to situational demands
What is the review process for a study?
Goes to peer review, to accept, minor revisions or reject.
Are powerful people more likely to cheat and does this change between men and women?
Yes, they are more likely to cheat and women are just as likely as men to cheat,
What are some reasons powerful people cheat?
Just the sheer temptation, loneliness, they crave change (most predictive), want adrenaline in their private lives, they might believe they won’t get caught.
What method did the researchers use to test their hypotheses?
Online questionnaire, correlational method
How is informed consent a process and not just a form?
Participants must understand the nature of the study and the risks associated with it if they are to make an informed decision about being involved. It starts before any forms are signed and goes through the entire duration of study.
Why do some critics condemn deception?
It undermines the principles of informed consent.
