Renal7

Question 1

Metabolic Acidosis.

Answer 1

pH: Low
PCO2: Low
[HCO3-]: Low
Compensation: Hyperventilation

Question 2

Metabolic Alkalosis.

Answer 2

pH: High
PCO2: High
[HCO3-]: High
Compensation: Hypoventilation

Question 3

Respiratory Acidosis.

Answer 3

pH: Low
PCO2: High
[HCO3-]: High
Compensation: Increased renal [HCO3-] reabsorption (delayed)

Question 4

Respiratory Alkalosis.

Answer 4

pH: High
PCO2: Low
[HCO3-]: Low
Compensation: Decreased renal [HCO3-] reabsorption (delayed)

Question 5

Henderson-Hasselbach equation.

Answer 5

pH = 6.1 + log ([HCO3-]/0.03 PCO2)

Question 6

Respiratory Acidosis - PCO2 __ 40 mmHg.

Answer 6

Respiratory Acidosis - PCO2 > 40 mmHg

Question 7

Metabolic Acidosis w/ compensation - PCO2 __ 40 mmHg.

Answer 7

Metabolic Acidosis w/ compensation- PCO2 < 40 mmHg

Question 8

Respiratory Alkalosis - PCO2 __ 40 mmHg.

Answer 8

Respiratory Alkalosis - PCO2 < 40 mmHg.

Question 9

Metabolic Alkalosis w/ compensation - PCO2 __ 40 mmHg.

Answer 9

Metabolic Alkalosis w/ compensation - PCO2 > 40 mmHg.

Question 10

Anion Gap.

Answer 10

Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3-)

*normal = 8-12 mEq/L

Question 11

Metabolic Acidosis with HIGH anion gap.

Answer 11

“MUDPILES”

• Methanol (formic acid)
• Uremia
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Propylene glycol
• Iron tables or Isoniazid (INH)
• Lactic acidosis
• Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid)
• Salicylates (late)

Question 12

Metabolic Acidosis with NORMAL anion gap.

Answer 12

“HARD ASS”

• Hyperalimentation
• Addison’s disease
• Renal tubular acidosis
• Diarrhea
• Acetazolamide
• Spironolactone
• Saline infusion