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MSRA 2023 > Renal/urology > Flashcards

Renal/urology Flashcards

1
Q

Amyloidosis - diagnosis?

A

Congo red staining of biopsy–> bright green fluorescence

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2
Q

Other manifestations of AD polycystic kidney disease?

A

Cysts - liver/spleen/pancreas
Berry aneurysms
MV prolpase
Risk of RCC

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3
Q

most common type of kidney stone

A

calcium oxalate

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4
Q

management of a neonate with a hydrocele?

A

watch and wait for 1 year - most resolve

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5
Q

what is prehn’s sign?

A

elevation of the testis - improves the pain in epidiymitis. no relief of pain in torsion

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6
Q

causative organisms of epididymoorchitis in >35yo

A

E coli
Pseudomonas

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7
Q

Wegeners vs Churg Strauss vs Goodpastures
- what are their more widely used names?

A
  • Wegeners = GPA (granulomatosis with polyangiitis)
  • Churg Strauss = EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis)
  • Goodpastures = anti-GBM
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8
Q

Wegeners (GPA) vs Churg STrauss (EGPA) vs Goodpastures (anti GBM)

  • how do their presentations differ?
A

All cause nephritic syndrome - low level proteinuria + haematuria + oliguria + hypertension

  • Wegeners = TRIAD of URTI + LRTI + glomerulonephritis
  • Churg strauss = Eosinophilia + asthma + cardiac involvement
  • Anti GBM = pulmonary haemorrhage BUT no URTI sx
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9
Q

Etiology of post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

Immune complexes containing streptococcal antigen –> damages GBM –> glomerulonephritis 2/52 later

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10
Q

What is interstitial cystitis aka?
How does it present?

A

AKA bladder pain syndrome, is within the umbrella of chronic pelvic pain
- ongoing for years - often have tx for UTI with negative urine cultures
- urinary incontinence and lower pelvic pain that often varies with bladder filling

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11
Q

Importance of varicoceles?

A

Cause of male infertility

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12
Q

What findings may be on clinical exam in urethral injury?

A
  • blood at tip of urethral meatus
  • perineal bruising
  • abnormal high riding/unable to palpate prostate on PR exam
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13
Q

RCC on which side can cause a varicocele? why?

A

Left sided RCC can cause a varicocele. The Left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein first.

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14
Q

Phaechromocytoma - where does it arise from? 2 examples of hereditary cuases?

A

catecholamine producing chromaffin cells
- von Hippel Landau
- MEN 2

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15
Q

Most common type of testicular tumour? -2 subtypes of this?

A

Germ cell tumour (90%!)
- seminomas
- non seminomas ie teratoma

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16
Q

Which bloods may be raised in testiular tumour?

A

bhcg
Alpha fetoprotein

17
Q

Lab diagnosis of CKD?

A

eGFR<60 on 2 separate occasions >90 days apart

18
Q

INdication for SGLT2 inhibitor for CKD?

A

If coexisting T2DM and ongoing proteinuria despite ACEi/ARB

19
Q

Contraindications for sildenafil?

A

Recent MI/CVA
Taking nitrates already
Unstable angina
Hypotension

20
Q

Triad of HUS

A
  • low platelets
  • renal failure
  • haemolytic anaemia
21
Q

AKI
- with high urinary sodium
- with low urinary sodium

–> what are the causes in each?

A

high urinary sodium - ie kidney unable to retain sodium
- acute tubular necrosis –> ischemic or direct toxin

low urinary sodium - prerenal causes

22
Q

at what age would you refer undescended testis? unilateral and bilateral

A

3 months old, with a view to be seen by surgeons at <6months old

23
Q

Phimosis
- what is it?
- causes?

A

unable to retract i.e. pull the foreskin away from the tip
causes - congenital OR from scarring
secondary to balanitis or traumatic retraction of the foreskin

24
Q

1st choice abx for pyelonephritis

A

Cefalexin

25
Q

contraindications to nitrofurantoin

A

late pregnancy
renal impairment
G6PD
acute porphyria

26
Q

contraindications to trimethoprim

A

Pregnancy
Folate deficiency

27
Q

hallmark feature of genitourinary TB

A

sterile pyuria

28
Q

glomerulonephritis
hearing loss
visual problems

-diagnosis?

A

Alport syndrome

defect of type IV collagen

29
Q

causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

lithium
CKD
low K

30
Q

In which pt groups would you treat a UTI with 7 days of abx?

A

Men
Pregnancy
Renal tract anatomical abnormality
Renal failure
Catheterised

31
Q

smooth lump separate to testes containing milky fluid

A

spermatocoele

32
Q

brown urine from abx - which ones? name 2

A

nitrofurantoin
metronidazole

33
Q

man sustains pelvic fracture
ct shows mild extraperitoneal bladder leak

management?

A

urethral catheterisation - usually heals in 7-10 days

34
Q

causes of pneumaturia - name 3

A
  1. diverticulitis
  2. malignancy
  3. crohns

MSRA 2023 (14 decks)

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