pharmacology Flashcards
which BPH drug causes erectile dysfunction?
finasteride
1st line abx for C diff infection
vancomycin (oral)
which abx class can cause stainining of teeth in children?
doxycycline
Pioglitazone
- contraindications?
bladder ca/haematuria
heart failure
Antiemetic with prokinetic effect?
metoclopramide
HTN uncontrolled in a pt already on CCB, ARB/ACEi and thiazide like diuretic
what are the 2 options?
K>4.5 –> a or b blocker
K<4.5 –> spironolactone
Tinea capitis
management?
ORAL antifungal
Antiepileptic medication associated with risk of SJS?
lamotrigine
Antiepileptic medication associated with risk of kidney stones?
topiramate
Antiepileptic medication associated with risk of osteoporosis?
phenytoin
2 types of antihypertensives which can worsen glycaemic control?
beta blocker
thiazides
CYP450 inducers
Phenytoin
St Johns Wort
Rifampicin
Carbemazepine
CYP450 inhibitors
Erythromycin, clari
Antifungals
PPIs
Quinolones (ciprofloxacin)
Clarithromycin - effect on cyp450 enzymes?
inhibtor
Omeprazole - effect on cyp450 enzymes?
inhibitor
Sulfonylureas - effect on cyp450?
inducer
simvastatin interacts with which antihypertensive? how?
amlodipine
amlodipine is a mild cyp3a4 inhibitor, therefore can cause raised simvastatin levels.
therefore if on amldipine, simvastatin dose should be <=20mg
1st line antiplatelet therapy as secondary prevention for those post TIA/CVA, or with peripheral arterial disease?
clopidogrel
what fraction of total daily morphine dose should be used for breakthrough pain?
1/10th to 1/6th
if 1st dose of morphine ineffective, how much should you increase the 2nd dose by?
50%
Rapid eye blinking, grimacing, lip smacking are all examples of ?
tardive dyskinesia - involuntary, repetitive movements
Which drug can cause greying of the skin?
Amiodarone
Key symptom of aspirin overdose (in MCQs lol)
tinnitus
ECG feature of amitriptyline toxicity?
broadening QRS
abx treatment for cellulitis of the cheek?
co-amoxiclav (close to eyes and nose)
1st abx treatment for fungal skin infection
topical terbinafine
1st line abx treatment for fungal nail infection
oral terbinafine
hydroxychloroquine - what check ups should they get? why?
eye checks
risk of corneal deposits and maculopathy
Treatment for head lice
dimeticone
Contraindications to sulfonylureas
hepatic/renal impairment
acute porphyrias
ketoacidosis
In HTN–> pt is started on CCB.
They do not tolerate this. What is the next step?
thiazide
Amitriptyline’s potential effect on urine
green!
Treatment of myasthenia gravis
rivastigmine - acetylcholinesterase ihibitor
Important drug interaction with tamoxifen and ….? why?
ssri - fluoxetine, paroxetine
- they are potent CYP 2d6 inhibitors –> higher levels of tamoxifen and VTE risk
Raloxifene
MoA
Usess
selective oesterogen receptor modulator
used for osteoporosis prevention in post menopausal women
Adverse effects of infliximab
- blood - BM suppression
- skin - lupus, psoriatic lesions, vitiligo
- TB/Hep B reactivation
- Demyelination
Name some psych, rheumatology and cardiology medications which cause oral ulcers
Oral ulcers:
rheum: methotrexate, NSAIDs
cardio: ACEIs, losartan
psych: fluoxetine, lithium
name a drug which is used in glaucoma to constrict the pupil
pilocarpine
3 acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used to treat Alzheimers?
donepezil
galantamine
rivastigmine
which diabetes medication has increased risk of lower limb amputation
SGLT2 inhibitors
pharmacological management of otitis externa
- 2 options for 1st line management?
- If there is associated cellulitis?
1) topical acetic acid
2) topical neomycin + steroid
cellulitis –> flucloxacillin
1st choice abx for sinusitis
PenV
1st choice abx for prostatitis
ciprofloxacin
2 hormone drugs used to prevent osteoporosis in post menopausal women
tibolone
raloxifene
important risks of tamoxifen treatment
VTE
endometrial cancer - always report if PV Bleeding
1st line treatment for fungal skin infection
oral terbinafine
most common drug cause of seizures?
bupropion
5 types of drugs which cause lichen planus
ACEi
thiazides
antidiabetes
methyldopa
NSAIDs
adverse effect of pyrazinamide - name 2
- hyperuricaemia
- hepatitis
pt taking azathioprine
- which antihypertensive and which antibiotic should be used with caution in these pts?
trimethoprim/co-trim –> risk of myelosuppression
ACEis –> risk of anaemia
tx of acute dystonia
procyclidine IM
non surgical tx for gallstones
USDA
