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MSRA 2023 > ENT/derm/ophthal > Flashcards

ENT/derm/ophthal Flashcards

1
Q

Malignant tumour of epidermal keratinocytes

A

SCC

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2
Q

What is a +ve Rinnes test

A

NORMAL i.e. air conduction is better than bone conduction

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3
Q

Weber test - what is the result if the LEFT ear is a) SN loss b) conductive loss

A

a) louder in the right ear
b) louder in the left ear

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4
Q

Telogen vs anagen effluvium

A

Telogen - stress (physiological)
Anagen - chemo

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5
Q

Pterygium vs Pinguecula

A

Pterygium grow over the edge of the cornea, pinguecula don’t

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6
Q

Complications of peritonsillar abscess

A
  • necrotising fasciitis of deep neck tissues
  • spread to cause pericarditis, mediastinitis, pleural effusion
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7
Q

Chalazion vs stye

A

Chalazion - blocked meiobian gland, usually painless
Stye - infected eyelash follicle, painful, edge of eyelid

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8
Q

Clinical fx of keratoconus + management

A
  • bilateral blurred vision + myopia
  • Munsons sign

contacts/glassess –> corneal transplant

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9
Q

Management of fungal nail infection

A
  1. Conservative (if asymptomatic)
  2. if mild (<2 nails, <50% nail involved) - topical amorolfine 5%
    3) if >2 nails, >50% nail involved: oral terbinafine for months
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10
Q

Most frequently used drugs which are ototoxic are..?

A

Aminoglycosides: gentamicin
Loop diuretics

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11
Q

Location of lesion associated with homonymous hemianopia

A

optic tract (posterior to optic chiasm)

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12
Q

Location of lesion associated with homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

A

Optic radiation

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13
Q

Metamorphosia, grey patch in central field of vision, abnormal dark adaptation - diagnosis?

A

AMD

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14
Q

Molluscum - cause?
Conservative management advice?

A
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15
Q

Glasgow 7 of melanoma signs

A

size
shape
colour
diameter >7mm
inflammation
exudate/bleeding
itch/odd sensation

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16
Q

4 conditions associated with nasal polyps

A

Asthma
Hayfever
Aspirin hypersensitivity
CF

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17
Q

What is Horners syndrome?
- Signs?
- Causes?

A

Interrupted sympathetic supply to eye
- ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis
- CENTRAL cause - stroke/ MS
- PREGANGLIONIC causes: Pancoast tumour, mediastinal/thyroid mass, neck surgery/trauma
- POSTGANGLIONIC cause: carotid artery dissection, otitis media, head/neck trauma

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18
Q

CN3 palsy
- 3 features?
compressive vs ischemic

A
  1. down and out pupil
  2. ptosis
  3. dilated pupil in COMPRESSIVE causes (fibres are superficial of nerve)
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19
Q

Optic vs oculomotor nerve action

A

Optic nerve detects light entry to the eye
Oculomotor nerve causes pupillary constriction

20
Q

Argyll Robertson vs Holmes Adie Pupil

A
  • ARP = accomodation reflex present (brisk), sluggish light reflex. SMALL pupils
  • HAP = large irregular pupils, with . also responds normally to accom and poorly to light
20
Q

Pemphigoid gestationis
- distribution?

A

Periumbilical region, then spreads to trunk/back/buttocks/arms

21
Q

Scabies
1st line treatment?

A

Permethrin 5%

22
Q

2 topical treatments for superficial BCCs

A

imiquimod, 5 FU

23
Q

A lesion which mimics SCC?

A

Keratoacanthoma

24
Q

Keratitis from UV exposure
- typical presentation?
- management?

A

Presentation: 6 hours post UV exposure with pain and watery eye. Punctate erosions on fluoroscein staining

Management: ointment, artificial tears, analgesia, topical abx

25
Q

Best imaging for suspected nasal polyps

A

coronal sinus CT

26
Q

4 signs/symptoms of retinal detachment

A

4Fs
Flashes
Floaters
Fall in acuity
Field loss

27
Q

Developmental defects –> neck lumps
Likely dx if lump is:
- anterior triangle
- posterior triangle
- midline

A

anterior triangle: branchial cyst (often in young adults)
posterior triangle: cystic hygroma (babies)
midline: thyroglossal cyst, dermoid cyst

28
Q

pinna cellulitis vs perichondritis

A

perichondritis - redness SPARES the ear lobe

29
Q

Holmes Adie vs Argyll robertson pupil

A

Accommodation reflex intact in both, but poor light reflex
Argyll Robertson - pupils small (like argyl in scotland) and irregular
Holmes Adie -Huge Ass pupil, v dilated

30
Q

central retinal artery occlusion - appearance of the retina?
how does it present?

A

pale retina, cherry red spot

sudden painless loss of vision

31
Q

what acne treatment can be given in pregnancy?

A

topical benzoyl peroxide

32
Q

topical therapies for superficial BCCs?

A

imiquimod, 5FU

33
Q

what is lichen simplex chronicus

A

NOT a primary process - thickening and lichenification of skin due to excess scratching

34
Q

1st line treatment for scabies

A

permethrin 5%

35
Q

Management of acne rosacea?

A

if flushing is predominant - topical brimonidine

if papules/pustules predominant - topical IVERMECTIN

36
Q

Lump on lateral aspect of eyebrow in a child
- diagnosis? when to worry?

A

dermoid cyst

if in the midline –> see if it extends into CNS

37
Q

Acanthosis nigricans
- two important causes to consider?

A

Diabetes - do HbA1c
Gastric Ca

38
Q

pizza pie appearance of the retina
diagnosis?

A

CMV retinitis

39
Q

Cellulitis near the eyes or nose
Abx of choice?

A

Co-amoxiclav

40
Q

treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis

A

dapsone
gluten free diet

41
Q

1st sign of diabetic retinopathy?

subsequent signs

A

microaneurysms

then dot and blot hamorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots
Neovascularisation

41
Q

rare but important adverse effect of chloramphenicol

A

Bone marrow suppression

41
Q

Treatment of erythema ab igne

A

topical retinoid or laser

42
Q

define chronic suppurative otitis media

A

otorrhoea >6 week
most commonly due to pseudomonas

43
Q

stages of hypertensive retinopathy

A

I: silver wiring
II: AV nipping
III: haemorrhages
IV: papilloedema

MSRA 2023 (14 decks)

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