Paeds Flashcards
Apperance of typical nappy rash
spares the flexures
Management of nappy rash?
barrier ointment between nappy changes, keep area clean and dry
- consider antifungal
- may need abx if superimposed bacterial infection
redcurrant jelly stool
intusussception
intussusception - what age group is commonly affected
3 months to 6 years, usually boys
intususception - management?
barium enema
Roseola infantum
- when does the rash appear? where does the rash appear?
AFTER the fever
trunk and limbs, less often the face
Necrotizing enterocolitis - which pt population is affected?
PREMATURITY
at <1month old
Clinical signs of NEC?
Investigations in NEC?
Distended abdomen
Poor feeding/vomiting, fever, blood/mucus in stool
Ix: AXR: distended bowel loops +/- perforation
6 examples of infections passed from mother to baby during pregnancy/delivery
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
CMV
Herpes simplex
HIV
Parvovirus B19
Syphillis
Neonatal jaundice - if occurs in <24hrs of age, what is the most likely cause (broadly speaking)
PATHOLOGICAL
- haemolysis
Roseola infantum vs Roseola infectiosum
- how do their presentations differ
roseola infantum
- rash AFTER fever resolves, assoc febrile seizures
roseola infectiosum
- aka slapped cheek
benign rolandic epilepsy
- what age group
- prognosis?
- typical seizure - what does it look like?
- good! 95% resolve by 16yo
- usually ipsilateral, pt awake throughout (partial), often affects face with grunting/gurgling noise
Neurological manifestations of coeliac disease?
Cerebellar ataxia!
intractable epilepsy
Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn - which group of babies does it NOT affect and why
Formula fed babies - formula often has vitamin K supplementation
What is HSP?
vasculitis
IMMUNE COMPLEX deposition in kidney and skin
Congenital Hypothyroidism
3 causes?
Symptoms?
Appearance/examination?
Iodine deficiency
Defect in iodine metabolism
Abnormal thyroid anatomy
Quiet, fatigue, FTT
Coarse features, macroglossia
Hypotonic, large fontanelles
UMBILICAL hernia
usual length of symptoms of gastroenteritis in a child?
- diarrhoea avg 1 week, resolves by 2 weeks
- vomiting resolves by 3 days
milia vs erythema toxicum neonatorum
- how do they differ?
milia - tiny white spots
erythema toxicum neonatorum
- pustules and papules with a red base which often come and go within hours/days
both resolve by 1 month
Stork mark
flat, pink macules at the back of the neck in a neonate - harmless
Parvovirus aka …. disease, aka …….
fifth disease
erythema infectiosum
Most common cause of gastro in children
Rotavirus
In which age group should you always arrange US after a UTI
<6 months
What features would inidcate an atypical UTI
Non E Coli bacteria
Abdominal mass
Poor response to abx
Very unwell
Poor urine flow
Raised Cr
Treatment of threadworm
Mebendazole - for the whole household
6 week check - what milestones are we looking for
head control - lifts head 45 from prone
fixes and follows
startles to loud noise
smiles
neonate vomiting with double bubble sign on US
duodenal atresia
when to refer if unable to sit unsupported
12 months
when to refer if unable to walk unsupported
18 months
best test for suspected CMPA
elimination and reintroduction
- patch and allergy testing not useful for non IgE mediated reactions
