Renal/Uro Flashcards
Foreskin trapped behind the coronal sulcus after it is retracted.
Paraphimosis
Inability to pull back the foreskin
Phimosis
Inflammation of the glans penis and foreskin in uncircumcised males
Balanoposthitis
Patients with undescended testes are at an increased risk of what?
Malignancy - both in the undescended teste and the contralateral one. Most commonly seminoma
Management of cryptorchidism
Monitor for first 6 months as some will spontaneously descend. Refer for orchiplexy betwen 6-18 months
X-linked or AR disorder with initially microscopic hematuria which progresses to gross hematuria. Also with progressive sensorineural hearing loss
Alport syndrome
Complications of ARPKD if infant survives neonatal period
Hepatic complications: including portal HTN from hepatic fibrosis, cholangitis associated with dilation of bile ducts, esophageal varices and hypersplenism, thrombocytopenia and splenic sequestration
When should you repair a varicocele?
atrophy of left testes, when volume of affected testis is less than that of the unaffected testis, decreased sperm count, right sided involvement, or with chronic moderate-severe pain
Triad of undescended testis, GU anomalies, and partial aplasia or hypoplasia of abdominal musculature
Prune belly syndrome, or Eagle-Barrett syndrome
Most effective long term treatment of nocturnal enuresis
Bed wetting alarms
Palpable abdominal mass with weak urinary stream in an infant
Posterior urethral valves
Medications/toxins that can cause type 1 RTA
Toluene, amphotericin B, lithium and cisplatin
Affected testes lies in horizontal plane rather than vertical and sits higher
Testicular torsion
When should you refer a hydrocele for surgical evaluation?
past 1 year of age. Otherwise can observe as long as no signs of obstruction/incarceration
Symptoms that mimic a renal stone with US findings of hydronephrosis, dilation of renal pelvis, and blunting of calyces with absence of dilation of ureter
ureteropelvic junction obstruction
What is elevated in acute post streptococcal GN when impetigo was the strep infection
DNase B antibody
1-2 days testicular pain with a tender mass on the upper pole of the testis
Torsion of the appendix testis
Comparison of total body fluid to body fat content
Total body fluid is inversely related to body fat content. The MORE fat you get as you age, your total body water decreases. At birth 80% of weight is water, at 10 years, 60% of weight is water. ICW increases and ECW decreases with age as well
Next steps in an infant with significant hypospadias
Should evaluate for defects in sexual differentiate: karoytype, FSH, LH, testosterone, urinary 17 ketosteroids and 17 hydroxycorticosteroids
When do you circumcise with hypospadias
As long as foreskin is not impeding urine flow - should defer until 6-18 months of age
Management of priapism in sickle cell disease
IV hydration and pain medications. If does not respond, then intracavernous injection of phenylephrine with blood evacuation and irrigation
Renal tubular acidosis associated with fanconi syndrome
Type 2 (proximal)
Renal tubular acidosis associated with nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis
Type 1 (distal)
Renal tubular acidosis associated with hyperkalemia, adrenal failure, CAH And DM
Type 4 (mineralocorticoid deficient)
