GI Flashcards
Periumbilical defect near umbilical cord which can include liver, spleen and intestines. Has a membrane inclosing viscera. Umbilical cord insertion is involved. 50-75% of the time associated with other anomalies and/or genetic syndrome
Omphalocele
Intestines projected to the right of midleline wihtout a protective peritoenal sac, intestines are thickened and shortned and exposed to amniotic fluid. NOT associated with other anomlaies or chromosomal abnormalities.
Gastroschisis
symmetrically distributed clusters of vesicles or papules on an erythematous, edematous base with crusting and excoriations. Biopsy demonstrates granular IgA deposition in upper papillary dermis.
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Believed to be caused by a vascular accident involving the right umbilical vein or right omphalomesenteric artery
Gastroschisis
Bilious emesis, irritability, abdominal distention in 1st year of life (often 1st month)
Malrotation and volvulus
Progressive nonbilious vomiting between 3 weeks and 2 months of age
Pyloric stenosis
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, slow weight gain, short stature and tooth enamel defects
Celiac disease
Most common cause of acalculous cholecystitis and 5-9 year old children
Kawasaki disease with gallbladder hydrops
Next steps for a child recently diagnosed with Hepatitis A
Should exclude from school for 7 days after onset of symptoms as viral shadowing significant decreases within 7 days
Mucuocutaneous lentiginous macules and intestinal harmartomas. Recurrent colicky abdominal pain due to intussusception episodes. Mucocutaneous lesions are bluish-brown to black in color on lips, buccal mucosa and around the mouth. Increased risk gi tract cancer
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Acahalsia, alacrima (reduced ability to secrete tears) and adrenal insufficiency
Allgrove syndrome
Presents in children 10-20 years of age, generally female with abrupt onset jaundice with negative viral hepatitis testing, no exposures and no gallstones
type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
presents in young children with constitutional symptoms, RUQ pain, jaundice, elevated transaminitis, biliriubin and alk phos
type II autoimmune hepatitis
Risk factors for jejunal and illeal atresia
low birth weight, multiple births, maternal tobacco or cocaine use
pancreatic insufficiency, intermittent neutropenia with anemia and thrombocytopenia and skeletal abnormalities
Schwachman Diamond
xray of bone with ground glass appearance with thin bony cortex and epiphyseal ends outlined
vitamin C deficiency
Sharply marginated raised borders rash that “peels off easily” with underlying erythema. With apathy, edema and hypoalbuminemia
Kwashiokor
Edema, thrombocytosis and hemolytic anemia presenting in a preterm infant around the 2nd month of post natal life
vitamin E deficiency
Common nutritional deficiencies in cystic fibrosis
A, D, E, K and zinc
What complications can occur if a preterm baby’s breast milk is not fortified?
Hypoproteinemia at 8-12 weeks, hyponatremia at 4-6 weeks, zinc deficiency at 2-6 months and osteopenia at 4 months
At first nonspecific symptoms, then peripheral neuritis, muscle atrophy, loss of DTRs, cardiomyopathy
Thiamin deficiency
Deficiency characterized by lethargy, vomiting, failure to thrive and seizures
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Deficiency characterized by cheilosis, glossitis, conjunctivitis, and seborrheic dermatitis
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
Chemical responsible for increasing Ca and PO4 absorption from the gut, increase Ca reabsorption from bone (when Ca low), and increases renal Ca and PO4 reabsoprtion
1-25, OH D
