GI

Question 1

Periumbilical defect near umbilical cord which can include liver, spleen and intestines. Has a membrane inclosing viscera. Umbilical cord insertion is involved. 50-75% of the time associated with other anomalies and/or genetic syndrome

Answer 1

Omphalocele

Question 2

Intestines projected to the right of midleline wihtout a protective peritoenal sac, intestines are thickened and shortned and exposed to amniotic fluid. NOT associated with other anomlaies or chromosomal abnormalities.

Answer 2

Gastroschisis

Question 3

symmetrically distributed clusters of vesicles or papules on an erythematous, edematous base with crusting and excoriations. Biopsy demonstrates granular IgA deposition in upper papillary dermis.

Answer 3

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Question 4

Believed to be caused by a vascular accident involving the right umbilical vein or right omphalomesenteric artery

Answer 4

Gastroschisis

Question 5

Bilious emesis, irritability, abdominal distention in 1st year of life (often 1st month)

Answer 5

Malrotation and volvulus

Question 6

Progressive nonbilious vomiting between 3 weeks and 2 months of age

Answer 6

Pyloric stenosis

Question 7

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, slow weight gain, short stature and tooth enamel defects

Answer 7

Celiac disease

Question 8

Most common cause of acalculous cholecystitis and 5-9 year old children

Answer 8

Kawasaki disease with gallbladder hydrops

Question 9

Next steps for a child recently diagnosed with Hepatitis A

Answer 9

Should exclude from school for 7 days after onset of symptoms as viral shadowing significant decreases within 7 days

Question 10

Mucuocutaneous lentiginous macules and intestinal harmartomas. Recurrent colicky abdominal pain due to intussusception episodes. Mucocutaneous lesions are bluish-brown to black in color on lips, buccal mucosa and around the mouth. Increased risk gi tract cancer

Answer 10

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Question 11

Acahalsia, alacrima (reduced ability to secrete tears) and adrenal insufficiency

Answer 11

Allgrove syndrome

Question 12

Presents in children 10-20 years of age, generally female with abrupt onset jaundice with negative viral hepatitis testing, no exposures and no gallstones

Answer 12

type 1 autoimmune hepatitis

Question 13

presents in young children with constitutional symptoms, RUQ pain, jaundice, elevated transaminitis, biliriubin and alk phos

Answer 13

type II autoimmune hepatitis

Question 14

Risk factors for jejunal and illeal atresia

Answer 14

low birth weight, multiple births, maternal tobacco or cocaine use

Question 15

pancreatic insufficiency, intermittent neutropenia with anemia and thrombocytopenia and skeletal abnormalities

Answer 15

Schwachman Diamond

Question 16

xray of bone with ground glass appearance with thin bony cortex and epiphyseal ends outlined

Answer 16

vitamin C deficiency

Question 17

Sharply marginated raised borders rash that “peels off easily” with underlying erythema. With apathy, edema and hypoalbuminemia

Answer 17

Kwashiokor

Question 18

Edema, thrombocytosis and hemolytic anemia presenting in a preterm infant around the 2nd month of post natal life

Answer 18

vitamin E deficiency

Question 19

Common nutritional deficiencies in cystic fibrosis

Answer 19

A, D, E, K and zinc

Question 20

What complications can occur if a preterm baby’s breast milk is not fortified?

Answer 20

Hypoproteinemia at 8-12 weeks, hyponatremia at 4-6 weeks, zinc deficiency at 2-6 months and osteopenia at 4 months

Question 21

At first nonspecific symptoms, then peripheral neuritis, muscle atrophy, loss of DTRs, cardiomyopathy

Answer 21

Thiamin deficiency

Question 22

Deficiency characterized by lethargy, vomiting, failure to thrive and seizures

Answer 22

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Question 23

Deficiency characterized by cheilosis, glossitis, conjunctivitis, and seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 23

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

Question 24

Chemical responsible for increasing Ca and PO4 absorption from the gut, increase Ca reabsorption from bone (when Ca low), and increases renal Ca and PO4 reabsoprtion

Answer 24

1-25, OH D

Question 25

Increases Ca resorption from kidney while decreasing PO4 resorption from kidney, and increases Ca reabsorption from bone

Answer 25

PTH

Question 26

malaise, anorexia, drying of skin, hair loss, seborrheic skin changes, bone pain often in an athlete taking supplements

Answer 26

consider Hypervitminosis A

Question 27

deficiency associated with poor growth, diarrhea, alopecia and vesiculobullous rash

Answer 27

zinc

Question 28

What is the pattern of protein requirements as you age?

Answer 28

You need the most as a newborn (up to 2g/kg/day) and this decreases as you age until the least in adult hood (around 0.8g/kg/day)

Question 29

What is the most common form of TEF

Answer 29

proximal esophageal pouch and distal tracheoesophageal fistula