NICU

Question 1

Painless compressible mass with little involvement of underlying tissue. Transiluminate well. Often in posterior triangle of neck.

Answer 1

Cystic hygroma

Question 2

Flattening of midfacial structures, maxillary hypoplasia, smooth philtrum, SGA. Can have septal cardiac defects

Answer 2

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Question 3

Colonic obstruction involving a sig. caliber reduction in sigmoid and descending colon associated with transient inability to pass meconium. Resolves spontaneously.

Answer 3

Small left colon syndrome

Question 4

Maternal features most often present in infants with small left colon syndrome

Answer 4

Diabetic mother

Question 5

Maternal medication expsoure leadign to ebstein anomaly

Answer 5

Lithium

Question 6

IUGR, microcephaly, ventriculomegaly, echocenic foci in liver, circular scarring and deformities of the extremities.

Answer 6

Congenital varicella infection

Question 7

Craniosynostosis and ocular proptosis

Answer 7

Crouzon syndrome

Question 8

Craniosynostosis and syndactyly

Answer 8

Apert syndrome

Question 9

Causes of asymmetric IUGR

Answer 9

uteroplacental insufficiency, chronic hypertension, multiple gestation, abnormal placental structure and high altitude

Question 10

Causes of symmetric IUGR

Answer 10

genetic abnormalities, chronic alcohol abuse, congenital anomalies, early in utero infections, chronic maternal anemia, ciagrette use, maternal SLE

Question 11

Respiratory distress shortly after birth, decreased breath sounds on right side, right hemidiaphragm elevation on CXR and brachial plexus palsy

Answer 11

Injury to 3-5th cervical roots on birth

Question 12

Abnormal gas pattern with dilated loops of bowel and small air bubbled within bowel wall on abdominal film

Answer 12

NEC

Question 13

Incomplete to absent develompent of the sacrum, and to a lesser extent lumbar vertebrae, varying degrees of decreased lower extremity and bowel neuro function, lower extremity growth impairment

Answer 13

Caudal regression syndrome

Question 14

Respiratory depression, apnea, low tone, Gi hypomotility in an infant of a mother with gestational HTN

Answer 14

consider hyperMag in baby

Question 15

Treatment for type II Crigler-Najar

Answer 15

phenobarbital

Question 16

Failure to pass meconium, bilious emesis, granular material on plain film or abdominal xray

Answer 16

Meconium ileus

Question 17

When does ABO incompatibility occur

Answer 17

with type O mothers with infant with type A or B

Question 18

Translucent to blue nonblanching, fluctuant, pseudocyst lateral to midline in lower mouth

Answer 18

Ranula

Question 19

Highest risk group for DDH

Answer 19

breech girls

Question 20

Most common location for CDH

Answer 20

posterolateral defect of diaphragm on the left

Question 21

medication exposure in utero that can lead to hypertelorism, short stubby digits, high arched eyebrows, short upturned nose, orofacial clefts, GU anomalies and VSDs

Answer 21

phenytoin

Question 22

medication exposure in utero that can lead to craniosynostosis and limb abnormalities

Answer 22

methotrexate

Question 23

medication exposure that can lead to microcephaly, external auditory canal anomalies, cardiac defects, thymic hypoplasia, facial nerve palsies and GU anomalies

Answer 23

retinoic acid

Question 24

Areola staging in pre-term infants

Answer 24

first raised at 34-35 weeks, palpable at 36-37 weeks

Question 25

Pinna staging in pre-term infants

Answer 25

soft and folded between 24-31 weeks, pinna returns slowly from folding between 32-35 weeks, thin cartilage springs back 36-39 weeks, firm pinna after 39 weeks

Question 26

Sole creases staging in pre-term infants

Answer 26

1-2 anterior creases on soles 32-33 weeks, 2-3 present 34-35 weeks, anterior 2/3s covered at 36-37 weeks, whole sole covered 38-40 weeks

Question 27

Lanugo staging in preterm infants

Answer 27

covers entire body until 32 weeks, absent from face between 33-37 weeks, on shoulders only 38-41 weeks, afterwards absent

Question 28

Penile length that warrants referral

Answer 28

< 2 cm

Question 29

Management of asymptomatic <20% PTX

Answer 29

100% inspiried FiO2

Question 30

Premature infant positioned on side and dependent side turns dark red, other side turns pale

Answer 30

Harlequin change - an exaagerated autonomic response, needs no further work up

Question 31

post-term infant with nontender subQ nodules or plaques on trunks, buttocks, extremities typically after birth injury, hypoxia in birth, forceps delivery, or meconium aspiration

Answer 31

SubQ fat necrosis

Question 32

Complication to watch for with subcutaneous fat necrosis

Answer 32

Hypercalcemia. Should monitor Ca every 1-2 weeks until lesions resolve