NICU Flashcards
Painless compressible mass with little involvement of underlying tissue. Transiluminate well. Often in posterior triangle of neck.
Cystic hygroma
Flattening of midfacial structures, maxillary hypoplasia, smooth philtrum, SGA. Can have septal cardiac defects
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Colonic obstruction involving a sig. caliber reduction in sigmoid and descending colon associated with transient inability to pass meconium. Resolves spontaneously.
Small left colon syndrome
Maternal features most often present in infants with small left colon syndrome
Diabetic mother
Maternal medication expsoure leadign to ebstein anomaly
Lithium
IUGR, microcephaly, ventriculomegaly, echocenic foci in liver, circular scarring and deformities of the extremities.
Congenital varicella infection
Craniosynostosis and ocular proptosis
Crouzon syndrome
Craniosynostosis and syndactyly
Apert syndrome
Causes of asymmetric IUGR
uteroplacental insufficiency, chronic hypertension, multiple gestation, abnormal placental structure and high altitude
Causes of symmetric IUGR
genetic abnormalities, chronic alcohol abuse, congenital anomalies, early in utero infections, chronic maternal anemia, ciagrette use, maternal SLE
Respiratory distress shortly after birth, decreased breath sounds on right side, right hemidiaphragm elevation on CXR and brachial plexus palsy
Injury to 3-5th cervical roots on birth
Abnormal gas pattern with dilated loops of bowel and small air bubbled within bowel wall on abdominal film
NEC
Incomplete to absent develompent of the sacrum, and to a lesser extent lumbar vertebrae, varying degrees of decreased lower extremity and bowel neuro function, lower extremity growth impairment
Caudal regression syndrome
Respiratory depression, apnea, low tone, Gi hypomotility in an infant of a mother with gestational HTN
consider hyperMag in baby
Treatment for type II Crigler-Najar
phenobarbital
Failure to pass meconium, bilious emesis, granular material on plain film or abdominal xray
Meconium ileus
When does ABO incompatibility occur
with type O mothers with infant with type A or B
Translucent to blue nonblanching, fluctuant, pseudocyst lateral to midline in lower mouth
Ranula
Highest risk group for DDH
breech girls
Most common location for CDH
posterolateral defect of diaphragm on the left
medication exposure in utero that can lead to hypertelorism, short stubby digits, high arched eyebrows, short upturned nose, orofacial clefts, GU anomalies and VSDs
phenytoin
medication exposure in utero that can lead to craniosynostosis and limb abnormalities
methotrexate
medication exposure that can lead to microcephaly, external auditory canal anomalies, cardiac defects, thymic hypoplasia, facial nerve palsies and GU anomalies
retinoic acid
Areola staging in pre-term infants
first raised at 34-35 weeks, palpable at 36-37 weeks
Pinna staging in pre-term infants
soft and folded between 24-31 weeks, pinna returns slowly from folding between 32-35 weeks, thin cartilage springs back 36-39 weeks, firm pinna after 39 weeks
Sole creases staging in pre-term infants
1-2 anterior creases on soles 32-33 weeks, 2-3 present 34-35 weeks, anterior 2/3s covered at 36-37 weeks, whole sole covered 38-40 weeks
Lanugo staging in preterm infants
covers entire body until 32 weeks, absent from face between 33-37 weeks, on shoulders only 38-41 weeks, afterwards absent
Penile length that warrants referral
< 2 cm
Management of asymptomatic <20% PTX
100% inspiried FiO2
Premature infant positioned on side and dependent side turns dark red, other side turns pale
Harlequin change - an exaagerated autonomic response, needs no further work up
post-term infant with nontender subQ nodules or plaques on trunks, buttocks, extremities typically after birth injury, hypoxia in birth, forceps delivery, or meconium aspiration
SubQ fat necrosis
Complication to watch for with subcutaneous fat necrosis
Hypercalcemia. Should monitor Ca every 1-2 weeks until lesions resolve
