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HFF Test 3 > Renal Urinary System > Flashcards

Renal Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What does Renin do?

A

Regulates Kidney function, increase blood NaCl, volume and pressure

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2
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Cytokine for CFU-E, increase RBC’s

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3
Q

Cortex of Kidney contains:

A

Corpuscles and tubes

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4
Q

Medulla of kidney contains:

A

only tubes

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5
Q

How kidney maintains homeostasis

A
  • regulates and exchange to adjust blood chemistry

- mediated by membrane transporters

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6
Q

What percent does the PCT recover?

A

65%

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7
Q

Where is the highest salt concentration ?

A

loop of Henle

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8
Q

Where in the nephron does it selectively recover NaCl and secrete H+ and HCO3-?

A

Collecting Tubules and ducts

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9
Q

Where does the nephron selectively recover water

A

Late distal tubule, collecting tubules and ducts

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10
Q

What regulates filtrate formation

A

JGA

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11
Q

Name the area that leads to the PCT?

A

Urinary Pole

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12
Q

Glomerular Mesangial Cells

A

physically support capillaries,
Turn over basal lamina,
contractile control capillary diameter (filtration rate),
signaling

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13
Q

What makes up the glomerular filtration barrier

A

-Fenestration capillary endothelium
-glomerular basement membrane(blocks large proteins)
Filtration slitsbetween pedicelts

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14
Q

What makes up the Filtrate

A

Water, glucose, amino acids, ions urea, hormones, vitamins B and C, ketones and small amounts of protein

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15
Q

Proteinuria

A

indicator of many kidney disorders

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16
Q

What drives filtration?

A

blood pressure

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17
Q

How much fluid moves from the blood to initial filtrate?

A

about 20%

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18
Q

How much fluid does the PCT return?

A

65%, 120-130 l/day

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19
Q

what is the PCT made of?

A

Simple columnar

20
Q

How does the PCT move particles?

A

by gradient

21
Q

What does the reabsorbed particles in the PCT enter

A

peritubular capillaries ( particles are isosmotic)

22
Q

How are proteins leaking into filtrate taken back up?

A

pinocytosis at base of microvilli

23
Q

hydroxylase reaction creates:

A

Vitamin d2 and D3

24
Q

PCT reabsorps:

A

AA’s, GLu, Po4, small protein-hormones and water into peritubule capillaries

25
Q

PCT Secretes:

A

organic acids and basesi nto filtrate, along with biles salts, creatine, anitbodies.

26
Q

Prostaglandins act on:

A

distal tubule

27
Q

where is EPO released?

A

From fibroblastic interstitial cells in the cortex

28
Q

What do the PCT contain a lot of ?

A

numerous mitchondria and microvilli

29
Q

Where are Medullary rays found?

A

Cortex

30
Q

What do Medullary rays contain

A

proximal straight tubules and distal tubeles

31
Q

TAL is water_____

A

impermeable, fluid exiting medulla is hypotonic

32
Q

Ions pumped out of fluid of TAL, making the medulla

A

salty

33
Q

where are diuretics targeted?

A

TAL

34
Q

What do loop diuretics inhibit

A

Na, K, Cl co transporter

35
Q

In cortical nephron, efferent arteriole supples

A

peritublular capillaries

36
Q

Juxtamedullary nephron, the efferent arteriole supplies

A

vasa recta

37
Q

DCT are major target of

A

aldosterone

38
Q

DCT resorbs

A

Ca2+ and NaCl

39
Q

how Aldosterone recovers Na from CT and CD

A
  1. opens apical sodium channels
  2. Increase Na, K-ATPase in basolateral membranes
  3. Na, K-ATPase automatically pumps sodium out
40
Q

Where is ADH made

A

hypothalamus (stored in pars nervosa

41
Q

Low ADH =

A

dilute urine

42
Q

High ADH =

A

concentrated urine

43
Q

What is Renin

A

a protease that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in the blood

44
Q

How does Angiotensin II increase blood pressure?

A
  1. release aldosterone, increase blood volume

2. Constricts arterioles, immediately increase blood pressure

45
Q

what makes EPO

A

fibroblast

HFF Test 3 (10 decks)

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