Renal Urinary System Flashcards
What does Renin do?
Regulates Kidney function, increase blood NaCl, volume and pressure
Erythropoietin
Cytokine for CFU-E, increase RBC’s
Cortex of Kidney contains:
Corpuscles and tubes
Medulla of kidney contains:
only tubes
How kidney maintains homeostasis
- regulates and exchange to adjust blood chemistry
- mediated by membrane transporters
What percent does the PCT recover?
65%
Where is the highest salt concentration ?
loop of Henle
Where in the nephron does it selectively recover NaCl and secrete H+ and HCO3-?
Collecting Tubules and ducts
Where does the nephron selectively recover water
Late distal tubule, collecting tubules and ducts
What regulates filtrate formation
JGA
Name the area that leads to the PCT?
Urinary Pole
Glomerular Mesangial Cells
physically support capillaries,
Turn over basal lamina,
contractile control capillary diameter (filtration rate),
signaling
What makes up the glomerular filtration barrier
-Fenestration capillary endothelium
-glomerular basement membrane(blocks large proteins)
Filtration slitsbetween pedicelts
What makes up the Filtrate
Water, glucose, amino acids, ions urea, hormones, vitamins B and C, ketones and small amounts of protein
Proteinuria
indicator of many kidney disorders
What drives filtration?
blood pressure
How much fluid moves from the blood to initial filtrate?
about 20%
How much fluid does the PCT return?
65%, 120-130 l/day
what is the PCT made of?
Simple columnar
How does the PCT move particles?
by gradient
What does the reabsorbed particles in the PCT enter
peritubular capillaries ( particles are isosmotic)
How are proteins leaking into filtrate taken back up?
pinocytosis at base of microvilli
hydroxylase reaction creates:
Vitamin d2 and D3
PCT reabsorps:
AA’s, GLu, Po4, small protein-hormones and water into peritubule capillaries
PCT Secretes:
organic acids and basesi nto filtrate, along with biles salts, creatine, anitbodies.
Prostaglandins act on:
distal tubule
where is EPO released?
From fibroblastic interstitial cells in the cortex
What do the PCT contain a lot of ?
numerous mitchondria and microvilli
Where are Medullary rays found?
Cortex
What do Medullary rays contain
proximal straight tubules and distal tubeles
TAL is water_____
impermeable, fluid exiting medulla is hypotonic
Ions pumped out of fluid of TAL, making the medulla
salty
where are diuretics targeted?
TAL
What do loop diuretics inhibit
Na, K, Cl co transporter
In cortical nephron, efferent arteriole supples
peritublular capillaries
Juxtamedullary nephron, the efferent arteriole supplies
vasa recta
DCT are major target of
aldosterone
DCT resorbs
Ca2+ and NaCl
how Aldosterone recovers Na from CT and CD
- opens apical sodium channels
- Increase Na, K-ATPase in basolateral membranes
- Na, K-ATPase automatically pumps sodium out
Where is ADH made
hypothalamus (stored in pars nervosa
Low ADH =
dilute urine
High ADH =
concentrated urine
What is Renin
a protease that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in the blood
How does Angiotensin II increase blood pressure?
- release aldosterone, increase blood volume
2. Constricts arterioles, immediately increase blood pressure
what makes EPO
fibroblast
