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CPR Final > Renal Transport Mechanisms > Flashcards

Renal Transport Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

What is reabsorption powered by?

A

the Na-K-ATPase

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2
Q

what are the symporters associated with Na+?

A

glucose, amino acids, Pi, and HCO3-

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3
Q

what are the antiporters associated with Na+?

A

H+ and organic solutes

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4
Q

How does Na+ cross the basolateral border?

A

via the Na-K-ATPase

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5
Q

what transporter does the Na-glucose use on the apical membrane in the PCT?

A

the SGLT

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6
Q

what transporter/exchanger does the H+/Na+ use on the apical membrane in the PCT?

A

the NHE

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7
Q

what transporter does glucose use on the basolateral membrane?

A

GLUT

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8
Q

How is water reabsorbed transcellularly in the PCT?

A

via AQP channels

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9
Q

how is water reabsorbed paracellularly in the PCT?

A

passively

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10
Q

where does most reabsorption of Mg2+ take place?

A

in the TAL

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11
Q

What is present on the apical membrane of the TAL?

A

NKCC2 and ROMK channels

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12
Q

How does Na get out of the TAL cells?

A

through the Na-K-ATPase

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13
Q

how does Cl- get out of the TAL cells?

A

through a Cl- channel

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14
Q

how does K+ get out of the TAL cell?

A

either through a K+ channel on the basolateral membrane or through the ROMK channel that is on the apical membrane and back into the tubular lumen

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15
Q

What is the result of the K+ being secreted back into the tubular lumen of the TAL through the ROMK?

A

there will be a + charge build up in the TAL especially as we ascend

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16
Q

what does the buildup of the positive charge in the TAL cause?

A

Ca2+ and Mg2+ will squeeze out through paracellular diffusion

17
Q

what is the most important site for regulation of the nephron?

A

the distal tubule

18
Q

what are the cell types involved in the distal tubule?

A

principal cells, alpha-intercalated cells, and beta-intercalated cells

19
Q

What do the principal cells reabsorb?

A

Na+ and H2O

20
Q

what do the principal cells secrete?

A

K+

21
Q

what do the alpha intercalated cells reabsorb?

A

K+ and HCO3-

22
Q

what do the alpha intercalated cells secrete?

A

H+

23
Q

what do the beta intercalated cells reabsorb?

A

H+ and Cl-

24
Q

what do the beta intercalated cells secrete?

A

K+ and HCO3-

25
Q

What is the concentration of the tubular fluid in the DCT?

A

since the DCT is impermeable to H2O and NaCl is continuing to be reabsorbed, the tubular fluid in the DCT becomes diluted

26
Q

how does NaCl cross the apical membrane in the DCT?

A

via the Na-Cl-cotransporter (NCC)

27
Q

What is the NCC sensitive to?

A

thiazide

28
Q

How does Ca2+ cross the apical border in the DCT?

A

via the TRPV5 channel

29
Q

How does Ca2+ cross the basolateral membrane in the DCT?

A

via the Na-Ca exchanger (NCE)

30
Q

where are the principal cells located?

A

in the late distal tubule and collecting ducts

31
Q

What is located on the apical membrane of the principal cell of the late distal tubule/collecting duct/ how is Na+ reabsorbed in the principal cells?

A

via the ENaC

32
Q

What is located on the apical membrane of the principal cell of the late distal tubule/collecting duct that helps with K+ secretion?

A

an ROMK channel

33
Q

What effect does aldosterone have on the principal cells?

A

aldosterone is going to increase the expression of the ENaC and Na-K-ATPase, which increases Na+ reabsorption and increases K+ secretion

34
Q

How is K+ secreted in the principal cells and beta-intercalated cells?

A

passive diffusion out of the cell into the tubular lumen or through ROMK channels or BK channels

35
Q

how do alpha-intercalated cells reabsorb K+?

A

through a H-K-ATPase on the apical membrane to get into the cell and then it passively diffuses across the basolateral membrane

CPR Final (9 decks)

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