Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms Flashcards
what is found in the airway epithelium that serves as a defense?
secretory IgA is trapped in the mucous
what is the mucous blanket?
a dual layer- Sol layer and the mucus layer
what is the first line of defense in the alveoli?
alveolar (airway) macrophages
what profile are most of the alveolar macrophages?
M2
what do the surfactant A and surfactant D act as?
opsonins
what do alveolar macrophages recruit and maintain?
FoxP3 T cells (t regulatory cells)
what do the neutrophils respond to?
IL-8
what happens within minutes of type I hypersensitivities?
cross-linking of mIgE
what happens within 4-12 hours of type I hypersensitivities?
influx and activation of eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils and Th2
what do leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 cause?
bronchospasm, vascular permeability and mucus production
what do prostaglandins D2, E2, and F2 cause?
bronchospasm and vasodilation
what do Th17 cytokines induce?
IL-8 secretion from the airway epithelial cells
what causes ventilator associated lung injury?
neutrophil NETosis leading to platelet activation and clot formation
what causes lipid PNA?
vitamin e acetate, chronic use of essential oils
