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CPR > Renal Transport Mechanisms > Flashcards

Renal Transport Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the Proximal Tubule Absorption

A

1) All Glucose and Amino Acids
2) Most other filtered substances should be resorbed here

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2
Q

How is Na+ Reabsorbed into the blood after entering the Cell?

A

Na+/K+ Pump

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3
Q

How does Na+ cross tthe cells apical border in the Proximal Tubule?

A

1) Na/H+ Exchanger
2) SGLT symporter

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4
Q

How does Glucose get resorbed from the basolateral membrane

A

1) GLUT

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5
Q

How is water resorbed?

A

Bulk Flow

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6
Q

How does H20 enter cells?

A

AQP channels

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7
Q

Decreased ECV will cause h20 to be ____

A

resorbed

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8
Q

Increased ECV will cause h2o to ____

A

Not be reabsorbed

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9
Q

Can H20 be reasorbed in the TAL?

A

NO; TAL is impermable to H2O

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10
Q

Which ion gets reabsorbed the most in the TAL?

A

Mg2+

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11
Q

TAL is a important site for resorption of ____ ___ ___ ____

A

N, K, Ca, Mg

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12
Q

Describe the function of NKCC Channel in the TAL

A

1) Sympoter of 2Cl-, K, Na into the cell
2) Na+ and Cl- can then get reabsorbed into the blood
3) K+ can either get reabsorbed or it can be secreted back into the tubule lumen via ROMK
4) If secreted it will cause increased + charge which leads to increased charge
5) Drives Na+, Ca2+, K+ and Mg2+ to be transported via paracellularly

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13
Q

ROMK is located on the ___ membrane

A

Basolateral

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14
Q

Which area of the nephron will reabsorb the least amount of solutes?

A

Distal Tubule

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15
Q

What cell types are present in the Distal Tubule?

A

Alpha - intercalated cells

Beta-intercalated cells

Principal Cels

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16
Q

Which hormones are involved with the distal tubule

A

1) Aldosterone
2) ADH

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17
Q

What is the most important site of regulation of the Nephron?

A

Distal Tubule

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18
Q

What do principal cells reabsorb and secrete?

A

1) Reabsorb: Na+ and H20
2) Secrete: K+

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19
Q

What do alpha intercalated cells reabsorb and secrete?

A

1) K+ and HCO3-
2) H+

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20
Q

What do B-intercalated cells reabsorb and secrete?

A

1) H+ and Cl-
2) K+ and HCO3-

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21
Q

Which part of the Distal Tubule is relatively impermeable to water?

A

Distal Convolulted Tubule

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22
Q

With in the DCT NaCL is transported into the cell via

A

NCC channel

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23
Q

NCC is a ___ and ____ cotransporteer

A

NA+ and Cl-

24
Q

NCC cotransporter is ___ sensitive

A

Thiazide

25
Q

Ca2+ crosses the apical membrane in the DCT via what channel?

A

TRPV5

26
Q

Ca2+ crosses the basolateral membrane of the DCT via ____

A

NCE

27
Q

Describe the NCE

A

1) NCE= Na+ Ca2+ exchanger

2

28
Q

In the Late DT and CD Na+ principal cell via…

A

ENaC

29
Q

What hormone increases the amount of ENaC and Na/K ATPase in the CT

A

Aldosterone

30
Q

1) Describe how Principal Cells and B-intercalated cells secrete K+

A

1) Na+/K+ ATPase moves K+ into cell from interstiatial fluid
2) Passive diffusion of K out of cell into tubular lumen via ROMK

31
Q

Describe how a-intercalated cells reabsorb K+

A

1) H-K ATPase moves K into the cells from the tubular lumen
2) K+ diffuses across the basolateral membrane through K channels

32
Q

What are the most important factors that stimulate sodium reabsorption?

A

1) Na+ deficiency
2) low Na+ diet
3) Hyponatremia
4) Na+ loss through severe diarrhea

33
Q

What are the most important factors that stimulate sodium secretion

A

1) Hypernatremia
2) ANP
3) Renal Prostaglandins

34
Q

What are the most important factors that stimulate potassium secretion in PRincipal cells and B-intercalated cells

A

1) Increased serum concentration of potassium
2) Aldosterone

35
Q

What is the most important factors that cause K+ reabsortion in alpha-intercalated cells

A

1) K+
2) Low K+ diet
3) Hypokalemia
4) K+ loss through severe diarrhea

36
Q
A
37
Q

What detect the change in osmolarity so that ADH can be secreted?

A

Osmoreceptors in the Hypothalamus and Liver

38
Q

Where does ADH increase water permeability?

A

Late DT and CD via Insertion of Aquaporins

39
Q

How does ADH increase Urea Permeability?

A

Inner Medullary Collecting Ducts (IMCD)

40
Q

Describe the influence that ADH has on NKCC2 channels

A

1) Increases activity in the TAL

41
Q

Aquaporin-2 channel is inserted into the apical membrane of principal cells via ____ stimulation

A

ADH

42
Q

Can Urea be reabsorbed in the CCD?

A

NO! Water can and this sets up a gradient for Urea to dissuse passsively ot of tuble in IMCD

43
Q

Vasa Recta prevent the _____ form being dissipated

A

Hyperosmolarity

44
Q

Increased RBF or Hypertension will lead to _____ urine

A

dilute

45
Q

Calculate Osmolar Clearance

A

Cosm = Uosm * V / Posm

46
Q

How do you calculate Free Water Clearance

A

Ch2o = V- Cosm

47
Q

Describe what occurs when CH2O is negative

A

Excess solutes are removed , water conservation

48
Q

Describe what occurs when CH2O is positive

A

Water is being excreted forming dilute irine, water excess

49
Q

Describe Obligatory Urine Volume

A

How much urine we have to eliminate per day

50
Q

How do you calculate OUV

A

Minimum solute excretion per day / max urine concentrating ability

51
Q

Define Diuresis

A

Kidneyhs reabsorb solutes and fail to reabsorb water.

High volume, dilute urine

Low medullary solute concentrations

52
Q

Antidiuresis requires high ___ and High ____ of renal medullary interstitial fluid.

A

1) ADH
2) Osmolality

53
Q

Define Natriuresis

A

Excretion of large amount of sodium in urine espicially disproportional to exretion of water

54
Q

Causes of Natriuresis

A

1) Drugs
2) Hormones (ANP)
3) Significantly elevated renal perfusion pressure (pressure natriuresis

55
Q
A

CPR (18 decks)

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