Lung Volumes and Capacities

Question 1

How do you estimate Anatomical Dead Space?

Answer 1

Weight

Question 2

How can you measure dead space?

Answer 2

Measuring CO2 in arteries and how much expired

Question 3

Name 3 functions of FRC

Answer 3

1) Prevents collapse of Lungs
2) Decreases work load
3) Dilutes Toxic Inhaled Gases

Question 4

Define Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Answer 4

Max volume lungs can expand with greatest effort

Question 5

Emphysema is an ___ Disease. Influence on: TLC, RV, VC

Answer 5

1) Obstructive
2) TLC Increases
3) VC Decreases
4) RV Increases

Question 6

Obesity Influence on TLC, RV, VC; Seated Vs Supine?

Answer 6

1) TLC Decrease
2) VC Decrease
3) RV Same
4) Seated v. Supine become similar

Question 7

DefineTidal Volume (Vt)

Answer 7

Amount air inspired/expired in a single breath

Question 8

Define Dead Space

Answer 8

Areas that are well ventilated but poorly perfused and don’t participate in gas exchange

Question 9

What is normal Resting Vt

Answer 9

500mL

Question 10

What does Age do to: TLC, VC, RV

Answer 10

TLC: Remains Same
VC: Decreases
RV: Increases

Question 11

Seated v. Supine: TLC; RV; VC

Answer 11

1) TLC greater while sitting
2) RV = Equal
3) VC Seated >

Question 12

Equation for VC

Answer 12

VC = IRV + VT + ERV

Question 13

Can RV be measured by spirometry?

Answer 13

NO

Question 14

Define Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

Answer 14

Capacity of air that can be max inspired following normal exhale

Question 15

Define Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Answer 15

Additional Vol. exhaled > Vt

Question 16

___ Determines Dead space by using ____ and measuring ___ expired

Answer 16

Nitrogen-Washout Technique
100% O2
N2

Question 17

Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Answer 17

Additional Vol. inhaled > Vt

Question 18

List 7 influencers of VC

Answer 18

1) Posture
2) Diaphragm Movement
3) Strength of Respiratory Muscles
4) Thoracic Wall Elasticity
5) Resistance to air flow
6) Lung Elasticity
7) Disease

Question 19

If you want to look at the difference in pressure between lungs and a box what technique would you use?

Answer 19

Body Phethysmography

Question 20

Define Vital Capacity

Answer 20

Amount of air that can be maximally inspired following max expiration

Question 21

Physiological Dead Space = ___ + ___

Answer 21

Alveolar Dead Space + Anatomic Dead Space

Question 22

You can use __ to determine FRC

Answer 22

He Dilution

Question 23

Define Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Answer 23

Amount of air that remains in lungs following a normal expiration

Question 24

Define Residual Volume (RV)

Answer 24

Volume of air that cannot be forced out, no matter how hard one tries

Question 25

Without disease Physiologic Dead Space would equal..

Answer 25

Anatomic Dead Space

Question 26

Fibrosis is an ___ Lung Disease. Describe RV TLC and VC

Answer 26

1) Restrictive 2) TLC Decrease 3) RV Decrease 4) VC Decrease