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V - KCU - REN (T1) - OMS1 > Renal Transport Mechanisims > Flashcards

Renal Transport Mechanisims Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of transport and define them

A

Trans-epithelial transport - through the membrane

Paraepithelial transport - through the TJ

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2
Q

What does the PCT absorb most

A 
Glucose 100%
AA 100% 
Urea 50%
Na 70% 
K 70% 
Phosphate 70% 
Ca 70%

H2O 70%

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3
Q

What does the PST absorb most

A

Phsophate

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4
Q

What does the TDLoH absorb

A

WATER

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5
Q

What does the ThALoH absorb

A

SOLUTES ONLY!

Na
K
Ca
Mg

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6
Q

What does the DCT and CD absorb

A

Fine tunes the urine, can absorb or not absorb water or solutes

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7
Q

Where is most of the water REBS in the nephron

A

In the PCT

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8
Q

What pump powers the REBS of the Na in the PCT

A

The Na/K Pump

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9
Q

Define symporter

A

Facilitated transport of two or more solutes in the same direction

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10
Q

Define antiporter

A

Movement of two solutes in opposite directions

Pushes one down its gradient and one up its gradient with the use of ATP

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11
Q

What does the Na/K Pump create within the cell

A

A low intracellular Na concentration, thus allowing for Na to move down its gradient

A negative apical side charge which attracts the Na to it

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12
Q

transcellular route Transport across the basolateral membrane involves what and why

A

The lateral intracellular spaces which receive ions as well as the IF

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13
Q

How does water move in the PCT through the cells

A

Through the TJ

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14
Q

Na REBS is almost always an active transport where

A

The transcellular route

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15
Q

While the NHE3 moves Na with active transport, how does Na enter the cells with passive transport, and why

A

Enters via Na leak channels

Using the same reasons as the NHE3, low intracellular Na bc of Na/K Pump

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16
Q

With the Na being transported into the cell, what else will come with it

A

Water

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17
Q

How does the water and Na enter the peritubular capillary

A

Via ultrafiltration, a passive process driven by hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure

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18
Q

What is the Antiporter used in the PCT to move Na in and H out

A

NHE3

19
Q

Most of the Na that enter the tubule cells does so how

A

Via NHE3

20
Q

How does the newly made HCO3 in the cells enter the IF to be taken to the peritubular capillaries

A

Via a NaHCO3 Co-Transporter

21
Q

How does the Cl concentration behave within the tubule and what does this mean physiologically

A

Rises as it proceeds which, along with less water and Na from the proximal PCT, allows Cl to freely diffuse across the apical membrane into the cell of the distal PCT.

22
Q

What is the major mechanism for chloride REBS

A

Paracellular movement

23
Q

What does the presences of TJ’s do in regards to water REBS

A

Prevents water REBS

24
Q

So where, would you find excessive TJ’s and little or no AQPs (no water permeability)

A

ThALoH and the CD

25
Q

What do AQPs do

A

Utilize the transcellular movement of water and allows it pass easier

26
Q

Where is AQP - 1 found

A

Int he PCT

27
Q

Where is AQP - 2 found

A

In the CD

28
Q

What is AQP - 2 under the control of

A

ADH

29
Q

While the PCT has many TJ, it also has what which allows it top be permeable to water

A

AQP - 1

30
Q

All water REBS is what

A

Passive

31
Q

Glucose is REBS via what type of transport

A

Active

32
Q

Define SGLT1

Where is it located, what is its physiological status, and what GLUT does it go with

A

Is a high affinity, low capacity transport protein that is found in the distal PCT S3 region on the apical side

Because it is high affinity, is used to pick up what glucose is left behind from SGLT2 in the proximal PCT, which means it can operate at low concentrations

Is paired with GLUT1on the basolateral membrane side

33
Q

Define SGLT2 and it’s physiological status

A

Is found in the S1 and S2 parts of the PCT.

Is a low affinity, high capacity transporter which allows the proximal PCT to REBS most of the glucose

Links the movement of Na down its concentration gradient with the uphill REBS of glucose, even when glucose concentration inside the cell is higher than tubular fluid concentration

Is paired with GLUT2

34
Q

What happens if the SGLTs reach their Tm

A

No more Glucose can be REBS, thus the patient has way too much Glucose in their blood and this is indicated by the presence of Glucose in their urine

35
Q

What does the TDLoH REBS and what does this mean physiologically

A

REBS WATER
NOT SOLUTES

This means as the TF moves along, it becomes more concentrated until reaching the ThALoH

This movement of water is caused by the increased osmol. Of the If from the REBS of solute from the ThALoH

36
Q

The TALoH and ThALoH REBS what and not what and what is the physiological consequence of this

A

REBS 40% of Na and Cl

NOT WATER

This means the TF becomes much less concentrated as it approaches the DCT because the solutes are being REBS

37
Q

Is Na REBS linked to other solutes within the ALoH?

A

No

38
Q

Define the NKCC2 transporter and why it acts the way it does

A

Is a symporter which moves 1 Na, 1 K, and 2 Cl into the cell from the apical side

Is able to do this bc of the gradient est. but the Na/K pump

39
Q

Due to the Na/K pump moving Na out of the cell, what is made on the apical membrane and what does this allow for

A

A (-) charge is made which allows for the movement of Na, Ca, and Mg via paracellular REBS

40
Q

Define the NCC transporter and what it does physiologically

A

Is a Na/Cl co transporter in the DCT which REBS NaCl when told to do so by Aldosterone

41
Q

How does Thiazide work

A

Inhibits the REBS of Na and Cl in the DCT by acting on the NCC and inhibiting it, thus allowing for more NaCl in the TF and more water concequently

It also increases Ca REBS which helps to treat Ca kidney stones

42
Q

How do Loop Diuretics work

A

Inhibits the NKCC2 transporter in the THALoH which causes a decreased REBS of Na, K, and Cl and also diuresis

43
Q

How do K + Sparing Spironolactone work

A

Inhibits Na/K echange in the DCT and CD which promotes K retention, Na retention, and water loss

V - KCU - REN (T1) - OMS1 (8 decks)

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