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V - KCU - REN (T1) - OMS1 > Renal Embryology > Flashcards

Renal Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What gives rise to the kidneys and genitalia

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

What specifically gives rise to the nephron

A

The mesonephric tube

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3
Q

What are the three kidneys in order of development

A 
Pronephros 
Mesonephros (functional)
Metanephros (definitive/true)
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4
Q

When does the pronephros form and degenerate

A

Forms and degenerates in the 4th week

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5
Q

Where does the pronephros form

A

In the cervical region of the embryo and heads to the cloaca

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6
Q

When does the mesonephros appear and when it is functional until

A

Appears in late 4th week and is functional until 11 - 12 weeks

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7
Q

What does the mesonephros ultimately become

A

The male genitalia

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8
Q

When does the metanephros form

A

Week 5

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9
Q

What are the two parts of the metanephros

A

Ureteric bud

Aka: metanephric duct aka metanephric diverticulum

Metanephrogenic blastema (mass)

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10
Q

What does the glomeruli arise from

A

The dorsal aorta

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11
Q

Bowman’s capsule and the mesonephric tubules arise from what

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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12
Q

The mesonephric duct induces what

A

mesonephric Nephrons to form in the adjacent nephogenic cord

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13
Q

The ureteric bud is an outgrowth of what

A

The mesonephric duct

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14
Q

What is the metanephric blastema derived from

A

The nephrogenic cord

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15
Q

What does the ureteric bud give rise to

A

The ureter
Renal pelvis
Major and minor calyces
Collecting tubules

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16
Q

What does the metanephric blastema GRT

A

Renal vesicles
Bowman’s capsule
PCT/DCT
LoH

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17
Q

The ureteric bud contacts the metanephric blastema and gives rise to what first

A

The renal pelvis

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18
Q

What does the ureteric bud GRT second and third

A

Major and then minor calyces

19
Q

What does the metanephros nephron originate as

A

A vesicle within the blastemic cap surrounding the ampulla of the collecting duct

20
Q

What is the role of the formation of the collecting ducts

A

When these are formed from the ureteric bud, it causes a signal to be sent to the metanephros blastema to begin production of the nephron and rest of the kidney system

21
Q

Who does unilateral renal agenesis usually affect? And what is presented

A

Usually affects males

Usually no L kidney

22
Q

What happens in bilateral renal agenesis? What causes this

A

No kidneys

Usually caused by oligohydramnios

23
Q

What does a duplex kidney result from

A

Abnormal division of the ureteric bud

24
Q

When are the kidneys positioned by in adults

A

Week 9

25
Q

What causes the kidneys to ascend in the fetus

A

The caudal growth of the embryo

26
Q

During the ascent, kidneys do what? What does this allow for

A

Rotate 90 degrees. This allows for the hilum to be facing the Ao.

27
Q

What causes a pelvic (ectopic) kidney

A

Results from the lattice of vessels from the posterior cardinal V. Blocking the ascent

28
Q

What causes a horseshoe kidney

A

The inferior poles of the kidney are fused, and thus the kidney is unable to get pass the IMA and stays at L3

29
Q

Define autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

A

Occurs due to a mutation of the PKHD1 gene

Both kidneys have small cysts
Renal insufficiency results from this

Can be associated with pulmonary hypoplasia/oligohydramnios

30
Q

Define multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

A

Abnormal development of the renal system

The cysts are a dilatation of the LoH, this could be an issue with the metanepheros blastema

31
Q

In the adult, the ureter only arises from what

A

The metanephric duct (ureteric bud)

32
Q

The bladder is formed from what

A

Hindgut Endoderm

33
Q

What is the trigone and what is it formed from

A

Is the incorporation of the mesonephric duct into the bladder wall

Comes from mesoderm

34
Q

What makes up the urogenital and anal membrane

A

Endo/ecto -derm

35
Q

What separates the urogenital membrane from the anal membrane

A

The uro-rectal septum

36
Q

Define the allantois and what does it GRT

A

This is an extension of the hindgut endoderm into the bladder

Gives rise to the urachus and the median umbilical L.

37
Q

What specifically gives rise to the bladder (within hindgut endoderm)

A

The vesicle part of the urogenital sinus

38
Q

What does the pelvis part of the urogenital sinus GRT

A 
Urethra (f)
Prostatic urethra (m)
39
Q

What does the phallic part of the urogenital sinus GRT

A

Lining of the vaginal vestibule (f)

Spongy urethra (m)

40
Q

When does exstrophy of the bladder occur?

A

During body folding of the 4th week

41
Q

What causes exstrophy of the bladder

A

Defective closure of the ventral abdominal wall due to the mesoderm not migrating between the endo/ecto -derm on the anterior body wall

42
Q

What is the chromaffin system formed from

A

NC Cells

43
Q

What is the surarenal caspule formed from

A

Meonephric mesoderm

44
Q

How does the cortex of the AG form

A

Comes from the coelomic epithelium of the somatic mesoderm in the 6th week.

First wave makes the fetal cortex

Second wave makes the adult cortex

V - KCU - REN (T1) - OMS1 (8 decks)

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