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PMP 101 - Health, Disease And The Patient > Renal System 1&2 (w22) > Flashcards

Renal System 1&2 (w22) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the kidneys ?

A

The kidneys pressure filter the blood, producing urine.

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2
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the kidney ?

A

1) filtration of blood
2) reabsorption and secretion
3) HOMEOSTASIS

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3
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney ?

A

The nephron

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4
Q

How many L of plasma per day does the kidney process ?

A

180L plasma/day

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5
Q

What are the 6 main substances filtered and reabsorbed by the kidney ?

A

1) Water
2) Sodium chloride e.g. reabsorbed to maintain internal O.P
3) glucose
4) Hydrogen ions
5) urea
6) Toxic substances e.g. drug metabolites

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6
Q

What makes up urine in high concentrations ?

A
  • urea
  • ureic acid
  • creatinine
  • K+
  • other toxic substances
    (Rest is reabsorbed)
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7
Q

What are the two components of the nephron ?

A
  • vascular (blood)
  • tubular (filtered fluid)
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8
Q

What are the two sections of the nephron ?

A
  • renal cortex (outer region)
  • renal medulla (inner region)
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9
Q

In which direction does blood flow in the kidneys ?

A

From the afferent arteriole —> to efferent arteriole

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10
Q

What is the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) responsible for and where is it located ?

A
  • is in the cortex
  • responsible for most of the reabsorption/ secretion
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11
Q

What is the loop of henle (LH) responsible for and where is it located ?

A
  • in the cortex
  • responsible for osmotic gradient in the medulla
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12
Q

What occurs at the bowman’s capsule (BC) ?

A

Filtration of the blood, this encloses the glomerulus.

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13
Q

What is the distal convoluted tubule responsible for and where is it located ?

A
  • in the cortex
  • responsible for the fine tuning of solute/water re absorption
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14
Q

What are the collecting ducts/ tubules (CD) responsible for and where is it located ?

A
  • on the cortex/medulla
  • responsible for the fine-tuning of urine concentration
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15
Q

What are the cells found in the epithelium of the bowman’s capsule and surround the capillaries ?

A

Podocytes

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16
Q

What are the juxta glomerular cells responsible for ?

A

For releasing hormones (renin) that control how much water is reabsorbed (fine tuning), can also control filtration rate.

17
Q

How do the kidneys help with the long term control of blood pressure ?

A

Via the regulation of H2O and electrolytes

18
Q

What is the namer of the ball of capillaries in the kidney ?

A

Glomerulus

19
Q

What is the name of the tubular structure that surrounds this?

A

Bowman’s capsule

20
Q

What is the name of the arteriole that takes blood to the ball of capillaries?

A

Afferent arteriole

21
Q

What is the name of the arteriole that takes blood away from this ball of capillaries?

A

Efferent arteriole

22
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

A

Nephron

23
Q

What are the different parts of this functional unit?

A
  • CD
  • loop of Henle
  • PCT
  • DCT
24
Q

How is urine formed ?

A
  • FILTRATION - passive ultrafiltration at the bowman’s capsule
  • ACTIVE TRANSPORT (resorption and secretion) - energy driven retrieval of valuable substances along the nephron.
  • OSMOSIS (resorption) - mainly in loop of Henley, PCT and collecting duct.
25
Q

What is the equation of excretion in urine ?

A

Excreted = Filtered + secreted - reabsorbed

26
Q

What is the renal corpuscle ?

A

combination of glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule, and is where filtration takes place

27
Q

What are the 3 barriers of filtration ?

A
  • Glomerular capillary basement membrane
  • Basal lamina/membrane
  • Bowmans capsule epithelia (podocytes)
28
Q

What causes filtration ?

A

Capillary pressure

29
Q

What is a hematuria ?

A

Red blood cells in the urine

30
Q

What causes damage from outside the kidney ?

A
  • kidney stones, tumours (renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, prostate, urethra)
  • UTI (inflammation of urinary bladder, urethra, prostrate)
31
Q

What causes hematuria from damage inside the kidney ?

A
  • inflammation of the glomeruli (e.g. glomeruli nephritis - affects filtration)
  • infarct - necrosis of the kidney
32
Q

What is proteinuria ?

A

When there is protein in the urine

33
Q

Which loop (descending or ascending) is permeable to water ?

A

The descending loop is permeable to water

34
Q

Which loop (ascending or descending) is impermeable to water ?

A

The ascending loop is impermeable to water

35
Q

What hormone is aldosterone and where is it released from ?

A
  • steroid hormone
  • released from adrenal cortex

PMP 101 - Health, Disease And The Patient (35 decks)

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