Renal replacement therapy

Question 1

when is renal replacement therapy required for treatment of CKD?

Answer 1

GFR < 15

Question 2

what are the side effects of peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 2

peritonitis
sclerosis peritonitis
catheter infection
catheter blockage 
constipation
fluid overload 
hyperglycaemia 
back pain 
hernia 
malnutrition

Question 3

what are the side effects of haemodialysis?

Answer 3

endocarditis
arrythmias
stenosis at site 
hypotension 
anaphylactic reaction to sterilisation agent 
air embolus 
disequillibration syndrome

Question 4

what are the side effects of renal transplantation?

Answer 4

graft rejection
malignancy (skin cancer, lymphoma)
bone marrow suppression 
opportunistic infections
recurrence of original disease
CV disease
urinary tract obstruction

Question 5

describe how peritoneal dialysis works.

Answer 5

dialysis solution is injected into the peritoneal cavity via a catheter
it contains a high dextrose concentration which draws water products of the blood and into the abdominal cavity through the peritoneum
the fluid is then removed and replaced
- continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
- automated peritoneal dialysis (APD)

Question 6

describe how haemodialysis works.

Answer 6

8 weeks before commencing dialysis, they undergo surgery to create an arteriovenous fistula

regular filtration of blood through a dialysis machine in hospital

Question 7

what is the average life span of a transplanted kidney?

Answer 7

deceased donor 10-12 yrs

liver donor 12-15 yrs