Anatomy

Question 1

for transplant, what kidney is the first choice and why

Answer 1

left kidney as it has a longer renal vein

Question 2

one of the renal veins recieves additional veins, what are these and what renal vein do they drain into

Answer 2

left renal vein recieves two additional veins - left gonadal and left suprarenal

Question 3

what forms the glomerular filtration barrier

Answer 3

podocytes
basement membrane
fenestrated capillary endothelium

Question 4

horseshoe kidney stays lower in the abdomen as it becomes blocked by what artery

Answer 4

when it is ascending from the pelvis it gets stuck under the inferior mesenteric artery

Question 5

describe the course of the ureters

Answer 5

arise from renal pelvis -> travel under the gonadal arteries -> over common illiac artery -> under uterine artery/ vas deferens

water (ureters) flow over the illiacs and under the bridge (uterine artery / vas deferencs)

under over under

Question 6

are the ureters intro or retroperitoneal

Answer 6

retroperitoneal

Question 7

what important structure does the ureters cross over

Answer 7

common illiac artery

Question 8

what important structure does the ureters pass under

Answer 8

gonadal arteries, uterine artery and vas deferens

Question 9

in females what is the venous drainage of the bladder

Answer 9

vesicouterine venous plexus

Question 10

in males what is the venous drainage of the bladder

Answer 10

vesicoprostatic venous plexus

Question 11

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE SUPPLY TO THE BLADDER

Answer 11

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 12

sympathetic nerve supply to the bladder

Answer 12

L1 and L2 via hypogastric nerve plexus

Question 13

lymphatic drainage of the bladder

Answer 13

internal and external inguinal lymph nodes

Question 14

urine Na and osmolality if pre renal

Answer 14

Urine Na < 20
Urine osmolality > 500

Question 15

urine Na and osmolality if renal tubular acidosis

Answer 15

urine Na > 40
urine osmolality < 350