renal regulation

Question 1

how do you control Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal Plasma Flow

Answer 1

by controlling the resistance of the afferent arterioles

Question 2

how do sympathetic nerves regulate RBF and GFR

Answer 2

sympathetic nerves bind to alpha 1 receptors on afferent arterioles causing vasoconstriction
overall causes RBF and consequently GFR

Question 3

why is sympathetic nerve vasoconstriction important

Answer 3

it is an important response to hemorrhage to decrease RBF and consequently GFR

Question 4

relationship between hydrostatic pressure of the glomerular capillaries and the afferent arteriolar resistance

Answer 4

inverse relationship
as the afferent arteriolar resistance goes up the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries goes down and as a result globular filtration in reduced and as a result RBF is reduced in the efferent arteriole

Question 5

relationship between hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries and glomerular filtration rate and RBF in the efferent arteriole

Answer 5

direct relationship
as hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries goes down, the glomerular filtration rate also goes down and as a result RBF is reduced in the efferent arteriole

Question 6

how does AngII

regulate RBF and GFR

Answer 6

there is vasoconstriction of both the afferent and efferent arterioles
the efferent arteriole is more sensitive
overall this causes an increase in the glomerular filtration rate and a decrease in the RBF in the efferent arteriole

Question 7

relationship between efferent arteriolar resistance hydrostatic pressure of the glomerular capillaries

Answer 7

directly related
as the efferent arteriolar resistance is increased the hydrostatic pressure of the glomerular capillaries is increased and therefore the glomerular filtration rate is increased

Question 8

how do Prostaglandins (PGE2, PGI2)

regulate RBF and GFR

Answer 8

they cause a vasodilation
this acts as a protective measure (has a protective effect)
overall there is an increase in renal blood flow

as the affterent arteriolar resistance is decreased (vasodilated) the hydrostatic pressure of the glomerular capillaries is increased and therefore the glomerular filtration rate is increased

Question 9

how does dopamine

regulate RBF and GFR

Answer 9

they cause a vasodilation
this acts as a protective measure (has a protective effect)
overall there is an increase in renal blood flow

as the affterent arteriolar resistance is decreased (vasodilated) the hydrostatic pressure of the glomerular capillaries is increased and therefore the glomerular filtration rate is increased

Question 10

dopamine in shock

Answer 10

dopamine is administered during shock to increase RBF

Question 11

which receptors does dopamine act on in order to vasodilator

Answer 11

D1 D3 and D5

Question 12

afferent arteriole vasodilators

Answer 12

prostaglandins, dopamine, ANP and NO

Question 13

NO

Answer 13

Nitric oxide

Question 14

ANP

Answer 14

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide same this as Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Question 15

Starling Forces Across Glomerular Capillaries

Answer 15

changes in glomerular filtration rates can be brought about by changes in any one of these strain forces

Question 16

Pressure in Bowman’s capsule and glomerular filtration rates

Answer 16

as Pressure in Bowman’s capsule increases, the glomerular filtration rates decrease
vice versa
inversely related

Question 17

Mean Arterial Pressure and glomerular filtration rates

Answer 17

as Mean Arterial Pressure in increases, the pressure in in the glomerular capillaries increases and the glomerular filtration rates increases
directly related

Question 18

Oncotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries and glomerular filtration rates

Answer 18

as Oncotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increases, the glomerular filtration rates decrease
vice versa
inversely related

Question 19

Hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries and glomerular filtration rates

Answer 19

favor

directly related

Question 20

Oncotic pressure in glomerular capillaries and glomerular filtration rates

Answer 20

oppose

inversely related

Question 21

Hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s capsule and glomerular filtration rates

Answer 21

oppose

inversely related

Question 22

Oncotic pressure in Bowman’s capsule and glomerular filtration rates

Answer 22

favor

directly related

Question 23

small MW solutes in filtrate

Answer 23

All small-MW solutes appear in filtrate in the same concentrations as in blood plasma

Question 24

GFR depends on the sum of the Starling forces across

Answer 24

across the capillary wall: forces favoring – forces opposing