Male Reproductive

Question 1

2 functions of the testis

Answer 1

spermatogenesis and Secretion of Testosterone

Question 2

80% of testicular mass is composed of ________ where _________ takes place

Answer 2

seminiferous tubules, spermatogenesis

Question 3

connective tissues contains te _______ cells where __________ is secreted

Answer 3

Leydig cells, testosterone

Question 4

seminiferous tubules contain______ cells which respond to ____

Answer 4

Sertoli cells which respond to FSH

Question 5

Leydig cells contain ____ receptors and _____ results in _____ release

Answer 5

LH receptors and situation results in testosterone release

Question 6

GnRH is released as a ______

causing ____ and ___ to be released by _____ and ____ in the anterior pituitary

Answer 6

secretory burst from the hypothalamus, causing FSH and LH secreting cells to secrete FSH and LH. FH is used for spermatid remodeling and Sertoli cell functioning, while LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone

Question 7

testosterone regulation

Answer 7

controls LH more than FSH which is essential for mitosis and meiosis

Question 8

Making testosterone

Answer 8

LH receptors on leading cells stimulate testosterone
(FSH receptors on sertolie cells are able to initiate sperm maturation in testosterone)
testosterone is then free in blood or bound to bound to hormone binding globulin
this testosterone can then be converted to DHT in peripheral tissue

Question 9

how does testosterone synthesis begin

Answer 9

with the conversion of cholesterol when LH binds to a receptor

Question 10

testosterone and the seroli cell

Answer 10

testosterone diffuses into the seroli cell and stimulate the synthesize of ABH
also stimulates the synthesis of growth facts that will support the developing sperm

Question 11

ABH

Answer 11

synthesized by settle cells and secreted into the lumen of seminiferous tubules, the seminiferous tubules contain a high local testosterone concentration which is 50 times higher than that of the blood

Question 12

FSH and sertoli cell

Answer 12

FSH will bind to a receptor on the Seroli cell via the activation of protein kinase A
this will produce the secretion of inhibins, activate the aromatase enzyme, and the make the seroli cell produce androgen binding protein

Question 13

ABP is secreted into

Answer 13

the lumen of seminiferous tubules

Question 14

cholesterol to testosterone

Answer 14

LH acts on cholesterol, 17 Beta HSD enzyme is present in the testes causing testosterone to be produced in the testes,
DHT is produced outside of the testes once testosterone is released in the blood

Question 15

what converts testosterone to DHT

Answer 15

5 alpha reductase

Question 16

DHT targets

Answer 16

external ggenitalia, male pattern body hair, temporal baldness, and prostate

Question 17

testosterone targets

Answer 17

wolffian duct, brain, muscle, body hair,spermatogenesis and libido

Question 18

type 1 5 alpha reductase found in

Answer 18

liver and non genital skin

Question 19

type 2 5 alpha reductase found in

Answer 19

genital tissue

Question 20

DHT is ___ as ____ as testosterone

Answer 20

twice as potent as testosterone

Question 21

where are e2 receptors

Answer 21

male reproductive tract, prostate and bone

Question 22

primary hypogonadism

Answer 22

sex steroids down, LH and FSH up

problem in the testes

Question 23

pituitary hypogonadism

Answer 23

sex steroids down, Lh down, ash down

problem in the pituitary

Question 24

anabolic steroid use

Answer 24

sex steroids up, LH down, FSH usually down

Question 25

exogenous testosterone

Answer 25

inhibits LH and causes leading cell atrophy and reduced testicular testosterone production. this suppresses spermatogenesis

Question 26

fetal testicular function

Answer 26

testosterone production commences in week 7 of gestation raises to 300-400 ng/DL then falls, male phenotype will develop

Question 27

neonatal testicular function

Answer 27

surge in testosterone due to rise in plasma LH then will fall to low level by age 1, male gender should be imprinted

Question 28

puberty

Answer 28

surge in testosterone | sexual maturation occurs

Question 29

senescence

Answer 29

testosterone levels decline at rate of 1.2% per year being at 50

Question 30

ampulla

Answer 30

provides additional storage site for sperm, | secretes fluid rich in citrate and fructose in order to nourish the ejactuated sperm

Question 31

semen is made up of

Answer 31

secretions from the accessory sex glands, the seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral gland

Question 32

temp and spermatogenesis

Answer 32

Spermatogenesis depends on lower scrotal temperatures.

Question 33

seminal vesicles

Answer 33

empty into emulators duct and secrete fluids

Question 34

fluids from seminal vesicles

Answer 34

fructose energy source for semen prostaglandins to stimulate contractions fibrinogen is precursor of fibrin with will form a clot

Question 35

what percent of fluid is from the seminal vesicles

Answer 35

about 65 to 75 of the Toal ejactulated volume

Question 36

prostate

Answer 36

surrounds ejaculatory duct and urethra | secretes milky alkaline fluid

Question 37

what is the importance of the prostates alkaline milky fluid

Answer 37

neutralizes the acidic vaginal secretions

Question 38

prostate fluid volume of semen

Answer 38

25 to 30 % of the semen volume

Question 39

what is the importance of the prostate's zinc component

Answer 39

stabilizes the DNA containing chromatin in the sperm cells

Question 40

what is the importance of the prostates clotting enzyme

Answer 40

produce fibrin from fibrinogen and clots the sperm

Question 41

what is the importance of the prostate's fibrinolysin component

Answer 41

breaks down clot following withdraw

Question 42

bulbourethral gland

Answer 42

secretes a mucus like fluid prior to ejaculation for lubrication and neutralize traces of urine contributes to the jelly like texture of semen one percent of semen

Question 43

how does excitation occur

Answer 43

it is initiated by stimuli, sexual arousal, and causes a spinal reflex resulting in an erection

Question 44

plateau phase

Answer 44

intensification of excitation responses, ANS activity happens throughout resulting in emission

Question 45

orgasmic phase

Answer 45

education occurs due to muscular contractions resulting in pleasure

Question 46

resolution phase

Answer 46

genital and body systems return to pre arousal state

Question 47

flaccid penis

Answer 47

arteries have relatively high degree of a vascular tone

Question 48

erection

Answer 48

CNS imitation, neural activation, NO release, vasodilation of penile vessels, relaxation of corporal SM, occupation of subtunical veins this mains full rigidity of the penis

Question 49

erection reflex

Answer 49

basic spin reflex mechanoreceptors stimulated in glans penis takes about 5 to 10 seconds to happen but can be inhibited or stimulated by higher brain centers

Question 50

erection is causes by

Answer 50

dilation of blood vessels in the erectile tissue of the penis, which is a parasympathetic response

Question 51

emission

Answer 51

Emission is movement of semen from the epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate to the ejaculatory ducts.

Question 52

emission movement is mediated by

Answer 52

sympathetic nervous system

Question 53

internal sphincter of the bladder

Answer 53

Simultaneously, there is sympathetic-mediated contraction of the internal sphincter of the bladder, which prevents retrograde ejaculation of semen in to the bladder.

Question 54

emission and ejaculation

Answer 54

Emission precedes ejaculation, but can continue during ejaculation.