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PSIO EXAM 3 > Gastro 2 > Flashcards

Gastro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Gastric Secretions and Motility stimulation

A

Increased parasympathetic activity via Ach and gastrin release
Local distension

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2
Q

Gastric Secretions and Motility inhibition

A

Low pH of stomach contents inhibits the release of gastrin

Feedback from duodenal overload (neural and hormonal)

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3
Q

Gastric Secretions and Motility stomach emptying

A

Liquids , carbs, protein, and fats

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4
Q

In presence of HCl, pepsinogen

A

is converted to pepsin

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5
Q

intrinsic factor is necessary for

A

absorption of vitamin B12

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6
Q

Somatostatin is released when

A

the pH falls below 3 to inhibit acid secretion

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7
Q

what is the most important physiological antagonist of HCl secretion

A

somatostatin

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8
Q

omeprazole is a

A

protein pump inhibitor

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9
Q

intestinal phase stimuli

A

Chyme in the duodenum leads to 2 things that will act to reduce acid secretion
a neural reflex that inhibits ACH release and the Enterogastrones are released to inhibit histamine release

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10
Q

first step of gastric secretion

A

food will stretch the walls of the stomach (distension), neural reflex to stimulate acid secretion

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11
Q

second step of gastric secretion

A

peptides and amino acids in food stimulate g cells to release gastrin which promotes secretion

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12
Q

food as a buffer

A

food also acts as a buffer raising the PH pH and thus removing the stimulus for somatostatin secretion from D cells

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13
Q

acid secretion in the gastric phase

A

When acid secretion is sufficient to lower pH, somatostatin can then inhibit gastrin release and digestion and the gastric phase is completed.

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14
Q

gastric secretion primary event

A

The primary event is of this phase is HCl release, it accounts for 60-70% acid secretion in response to a meal

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15
Q

what is catalyzed bycarbonic anhydrase during gastric HCl secretion

A

In the cell, CO2 produced from aerobic metabolism and combines with H2O to form H2CO3, H2CO3 then dissociates into H+and HCO3

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16
Q

how is H+ secreted during gastric HCl secretion

A

via the H+-K+ATPase channel into the lumen of the stomach

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17
Q

what follows H+ into the lumen and how?

A

Cl−follows H+into the lumen by diffusing throughCl−channels

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18
Q

HCO3−is absorbed into the blood via a

A

Cl−-HCO3−exchanger

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19
Q

Cl- in the cell

A

follow the positive charged H+ out of the cel but then is transported back into the cell via Cl−-HCO3−exchanger

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20
Q

alkaline tide

A

this is a high pH in gastric venous blood after a meal, caused by the Cl−-HCO3−exchanger

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21
Q

HCO3−is absorption into the GI tract

A

after entering the blood via Cl−-HCO3−exchanger, it will eventually be secreted back into the gastrointestinal tract via pancreatic secretions
and the cycle will repeat itself

22
Q

what are the Enterogastrones released in the intestinal phase?

A

CCK and secretin

23
Q

why are Enterogastrones released in the intestinal phase?

A

CCK and secretin are released to inhibit histamine release

secretin also goes to the pancreas to stimulate the release of HCO3-

24
Q

what is the enterogastric reflex in the intestinal phase?

A

A neural reflex that inhibits ACh release

25
Q

chyme in the duodenum causes

A

distention to increase as well as osmolarity and H+ and the amount of fats and peptides are increased

26
Q

what are ancinar cells?

A

in the pancreas these cells act as receptors to CCK and ACH

stimulates enzyme secretion

27
Q

what are the pancreatic secretions

A

lipase, amylase, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, and prophospholipases

28
Q

what are ductal cells

A

in the pancreas these cells act as receptors to CCK and ACH

stimulates alkaline secretion to Neutralize the acid being emptied from the stomach

29
Q

What occurs when the contents of the stomach lower duodenal pH to 4.5 or less?

A

4.5 or less is too acidic, so the S cells (IN THE DUODENUM) release secretin, which circulates to the pancreas to stimulate HCO3- secretion
The HCO3- neutralizes the acid to allow for more optimal activity of the pancreatic enzymes

30
Q

CCK release from duodenum

A

CCK release from duodenal I-cells as a result of the by-products of protein and fat digestion

31
Q

CCK causes the following to occur

A

pancreatic enzyme secretion
inhibitor of acid secretion
gallbladder contraction (emptying )
sphincter of odd relaxation

32
Q

Pancreatic enzymes are required for

A

triglyceride, carbohydrate and protein digestion

33
Q

Circulating CCK is responsible for

A

triglyceride, CHO, and protein secretion following a meal.

34
Q

what are conjugated bile acids for?

A

important to digestion of lipids

35
Q

at physiological pH conjugated bile acids exist as

A

bile salts

36
Q

where are conjugated bile acids secreted

A

in the duodenum

37
Q

Bile salts actively reabsorbed in

A

the ileum, this is enterohepatic circulation

38
Q

what is the rate of secretion of conjugated bile acids mainly regulated by

A

rate of return of bile acid

39
Q

Interdigestive state of bile secretion

A

bile secreted by liver enters gallbladder and forms into micelles, which are released upon CCK stimulation

40
Q

Intestinal phase summary

A

bile, enzyme and alkaline solution is secreted

41
Q

the sphincter of Oddi relaxes due to

A

CCK and allow bile and enzymes to flow

42
Q

what stimulated bicarb secretion in the pancreas

A

secretin

43
Q

what stimulated enzyme release in the pancreas

A

CCK

44
Q

function and source of bicarbonate

A

buffers gastric acid to prevent damage to the epithelium

source is mucous neck cells

45
Q

function and source of mucus

A

physical barrie between lumen and epithelium

source is mucous neck cells

46
Q

function, stimulus for release and source of gastric acid

A

activates pepsin
ACH, gastrin and histamine
parietal cells

47
Q

function, stimulus for release and source of intrinsic factor

A

permits absorption of B12
ACH, gastrin and histamine
parietal cells

48
Q

function, stimulus for release and source of histamine

A

stimulates gastric acid secretion
ACH, gastrin
Enterochromaffin like cells

49
Q

function, stimulus for release and source of pepsin

A

digest proteins
ACH, acid , secretin
chief cells

50
Q

function, stimulus for release and source of gastric lipase

A

digest fats
ACH, acid , secretin
chief cells

51
Q

function, stimulus for release and source of somatostatin

A

inhibits gastric acid secretion
acid in the stomach
d cells in duodenum

52
Q

function, stimulus for release and source of gastrin

A

stimulates gastric acid secretion
ACh peptides, and Amino acids
g cells

PSIO EXAM 3 (8 decks)

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