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PSIO EXAM 3 > Gastro 2 > Flashcards

Gastro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Gastric Secretions and Motility stimulation

A

Increased parasympathetic activity via Ach and gastrin release
Local distension

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2
Q

Gastric Secretions and Motility inhibition

A

Low pH of stomach contents inhibits the release of gastrin

Feedback from duodenal overload (neural and hormonal)

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3
Q

Gastric Secretions and Motility stomach emptying

A

Liquids , carbs, protein, and fats

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4
Q

In presence of HCl, pepsinogen

A

is converted to pepsin

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5
Q

intrinsic factor is necessary for

A

absorption of vitamin B12

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6
Q

Somatostatin is released when

A

the pH falls below 3 to inhibit acid secretion

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7
Q

what is the most important physiological antagonist of HCl secretion

A

somatostatin

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8
Q

omeprazole is a

A

protein pump inhibitor

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9
Q

intestinal phase stimuli

A

Chyme in the duodenum leads to 2 things that will act to reduce acid secretion
a neural reflex that inhibits ACH release and the Enterogastrones are released to inhibit histamine release

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10
Q

first step of gastric secretion

A

food will stretch the walls of the stomach (distension), neural reflex to stimulate acid secretion

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11
Q

second step of gastric secretion

A

peptides and amino acids in food stimulate g cells to release gastrin which promotes secretion

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12
Q

food as a buffer

A

food also acts as a buffer raising the PH pH and thus removing the stimulus for somatostatin secretion from D cells

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13
Q

acid secretion in the gastric phase

A

When acid secretion is sufficient to lower pH, somatostatin can then inhibit gastrin release and digestion and the gastric phase is completed.

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14
Q

gastric secretion primary event

A

The primary event is of this phase is HCl release, it accounts for 60-70% acid secretion in response to a meal

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15
Q

what is catalyzed bycarbonic anhydrase during gastric HCl secretion

A

In the cell, CO2 produced from aerobic metabolism and combines with H2O to form H2CO3, H2CO3 then dissociates into H+and HCO3

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16
Q

how is H+ secreted during gastric HCl secretion

A

via the H+-K+ATPase channel into the lumen of the stomach

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17
Q

what follows H+ into the lumen and how?

A

Cl−follows H+into the lumen by diffusing throughCl−channels

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18
Q

HCO3−is absorbed into the blood via a

A

Cl−-HCO3−exchanger

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19
Q

Cl- in the cell

A

follow the positive charged H+ out of the cel but then is transported back into the cell via Cl−-HCO3−exchanger

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20
Q

alkaline tide

A

this is a high pH in gastric venous blood after a meal, caused by the Cl−-HCO3−exchanger

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21
Q

HCO3−is absorption into the GI tract

A

after entering the blood via Cl−-HCO3−exchanger, it will eventually be secreted back into the gastrointestinal tract via pancreatic secretions
and the cycle will repeat itself

22
Q

what are the Enterogastrones released in the intestinal phase?

A

CCK and secretin

23
Q

why are Enterogastrones released in the intestinal phase?

A

CCK and secretin are released to inhibit histamine release

secretin also goes to the pancreas to stimulate the release of HCO3-

24
Q

what is the enterogastric reflex in the intestinal phase?

A

A neural reflex that inhibits ACh release

25
chyme in the duodenum causes
distention to increase as well as osmolarity and H+ and the amount of fats and peptides are increased
26
what are ancinar cells?
in the pancreas these cells act as receptors to CCK and ACH | stimulates enzyme secretion
27
what are the pancreatic secretions
lipase, amylase, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, and prophospholipases
28
what are ductal cells
in the pancreas these cells act as receptors to CCK and ACH | stimulates alkaline secretion to Neutralize the acid being emptied from the stomach
29
What occurs when the contents of the stomach lower duodenal pH to 4.5 or less?
4.5 or less is too acidic, so the S cells (IN THE DUODENUM) release secretin, which circulates to the pancreas to stimulate HCO3- secretion The HCO3- neutralizes the acid to allow for more optimal activity of the pancreatic enzymes
30
CCK release from duodenum
CCK release from duodenal I-cells as a result of the by-products of protein and fat digestion
31
CCK causes the following to occur
pancreatic enzyme secretion inhibitor of acid secretion gallbladder contraction (emptying ) sphincter of odd relaxation
32
Pancreatic enzymes are required for
triglyceride, carbohydrate and protein digestion
33
Circulating CCK is responsible for
triglyceride, CHO, and protein secretion following a meal.
34
what are conjugated bile acids for?
important to digestion of lipids
35
at physiological pH conjugated bile acids exist as
bile salts
36
where are conjugated bile acids secreted
in the duodenum
37
Bile salts actively reabsorbed in
the ileum, this is enterohepatic circulation
38
what is the rate of secretion of conjugated bile acids mainly regulated by
rate of return of bile acid
39
Interdigestive state of bile secretion
bile secreted by liver enters gallbladder and forms into micelles, which are released upon CCK stimulation
40
Intestinal phase summary
bile, enzyme and alkaline solution is secreted
41
the sphincter of Oddi relaxes due to
CCK and allow bile and enzymes to flow
42
what stimulated bicarb secretion in the pancreas
secretin
43
what stimulated enzyme release in the pancreas
CCK
44
function and source of bicarbonate
buffers gastric acid to prevent damage to the epithelium | source is mucous neck cells
45
function and source of mucus
physical barrie between lumen and epithelium | source is mucous neck cells
46
function, stimulus for release and source of gastric acid
activates pepsin ACH, gastrin and histamine parietal cells
47
function, stimulus for release and source of intrinsic factor
permits absorption of B12 ACH, gastrin and histamine parietal cells
48
function, stimulus for release and source of histamine
stimulates gastric acid secretion ACH, gastrin Enterochromaffin like cells
49
function, stimulus for release and source of pepsin
digest proteins ACH, acid , secretin chief cells
50
function, stimulus for release and source of gastric lipase
digest fats ACH, acid , secretin chief cells
51
function, stimulus for release and source of somatostatin
inhibits gastric acid secretion acid in the stomach d cells in duodenum
52
function, stimulus for release and source of gastrin
stimulates gastric acid secretion ACh peptides, and Amino acids g cells

PSIO EXAM 3 (8 decks)

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