Renal Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

UTIs types and causes?

A

lower UTI and upper (pyelonephritis)

ECOLI
Staph. saprophyticus
Proteus mirabilis
Enterococci

Atypical (immunocompromised) = klebsiella, candida, pseudomonas

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2
Q

RFs for UTIs?

A

Female, sex, spermicide exposure, pregnancy, menopause, immunosuppression, UT obstruction or malformation, catherisation

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3
Q

Cystitis symptoms?

A

Frequency, urgency, dysuria, haematuria

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4
Q

Prostatitis symptoms?

A

Suprapubic pain, flu like symptoms, low backache, few urinary symptoms
enlarged prostate

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5
Q

Acute pyelonephritis symptoms?

A

High fever, rigors, vomiting, loin pain ad tenderness, oliguria (if AKI)

General = fever, abdo pain, distended bladded

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6
Q

Ix and management for UTIs?

A

Urine dipstick (nitrites)
MSU for urine MCS
Bloods: FBC, U&Es, CRP

Uncomplicated: Nitrofurantoin or cefalexin (pregnant)

Male: Fefalexin or ciprofloxacin

Pyelonephritis/urospsis = co-amoxiclav

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7
Q

Polycystic Kidney Disease features?

A

Can be auto dom (85%PKD1 Ch16, 15 PKD2 Ch4)

Clinically silent for years, renal failure sx, FHX of SAH (berry aneurysms)

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8
Q

Presentation of PCKD?

A

HTN, renal enlargement, abdo pain +-haematuria

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9
Q

Ix for PCKD?

A

Haematuria, raised Hb, deranged U&Es, abdo USS

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10
Q

Triad for renal cell Carcinoma?

A

Haematuria, loin pain and abdo mass

Also PUO, night sweats and maybe polycythaemia

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11
Q

RFs for RCC?

A

Age, smoking, obesity, HTN, dialysis, certain syndromes inherited e.g. von hippel lindau, tuberous sclerosis,

50% incidental finding

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12
Q

Ix for RCC?

A

Increased BP (renin), polycythaemia or IDA, ALP, RBCs in urine, cannon ball mets so CT or MRI

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13
Q

Renal Artery stenosis Causes?

A

Athersclerosis 80%, fibromuscular dysplasia 10%, young females)

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14
Q

Clues for renal artery stenosis?

A

Increased bp refractory to treatment
Worsening renal function after ACEiARB in bilateral RAS
Flash pulmonary oedema
Abdo +-carotid or femroal bruits and weak leg pulse

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15
Q

Ix for renal artery stenosis?

A

USS for kidney size, CT angiogram

GOLD = digital dubtraction renal angiography

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16
Q

Acute tubular necrosis Buzzwords?

A
Muddy brow cast + high creatinine
High urine sodium, 
low urine osmolality
Low urine:serum urea ratio
Low urine:plasma osmlarity ration
17
Q

Acute interstitial nephritis buzzwords?

A

Eosinphilic cast, urine dip = protein + blood
Old man, CAP
penicillin Tx, dysuria
Back apain

18
Q

HUS buzzwords?

A

D&V + high urea + creatinine + K+
Normocytic anaemia + fractionate RBC (film)
ECOLI O157:H7 stool

19
Q

TTP Buzzwords?

A

HUS + fever + neurological manifestations

20
Q

Funny rash and nephritic picture Wegeners?

A

Young, high platelet, high C3/4 and positive ANCA,

Nosebleeds, sinusitis, lung, kidney

21
Q

Funny rash, nephritic picture for lupus?

A

Young, low Hb, low platelet, low C3/4 and -ve ANCA, wire-loop capillary

22
Q

Cryoglobulins with funny rash and nephritic picture?

A

Old, high platelets, high C3/4 and -ve ANCA

High ESR, arthralgia, + Raynauds
Associated with MM, waldenstrom

23
Q

CKD Amyloid A amyloidosis buzzwords?

A

Crohns, poor renal function, proteinuria, +ve congo red stain

24
Q

CKD amyloidosis buzzwords?

A

24 Y of Rheumatoid + peripheral oedemia

Proteiunrea 3+ ?cause

25
Q

CKD MM buzzowrds?

A

Bone pain, lethargym monoclonal band on serum electrophoresis, monocloal globulin protein in urine (bence-jones)

26
Q

CKD diabetic microalbuminuria buzzwords?

A

T1DM albuminuria, previous dipstick normal

27
Q

CKD diabetic nephropathy buzzword?

A

Kimmelstiel wilson nodules

28
Q

CKD rhabdomyolysis buzzwords?

A

Collapse following stroke, high urea + creatinine, K+, high CK urine dark red