Renal Physiology

Question 1

Functions of kidney

Answer 1

Maintain water and electrolytes balance 
Maintain osmolarity 
Maintain plasma volume  
Maintain acid base 
Adjust urine output
Elimination of toxic metabolites, end products, foreign products 
Produce erythropoietin 
Produce renin 
Conversion of vit d

Question 2

Is it easier for kidney to compensate for excesses or deficits

Answer 2

Excesses

Question 3

Position of kidney in abdominal cavity

Answer 3

Retro

Question 4

Blood supply of kidney

Answer 4

Renal artery

Renal vein

Question 5

Difference between male and female urethra

Answer 5

Female : straight , short, from neck of bladder to outside

Male : longer ,curving course, pass through prostrate gland and penis

Question 6

Functional unit of kidney

Answer 6

Nephron

Question 7

Name of outer region of kidney

Answer 7

Renal Cortex

Question 8

Name of inner region of kidney

Answer 8

Renal medulla

Question 9

Name of striated triangles in renal medulla

Answer 9

Renal pyramids

Question 10

Where does filtration occur in the kidney

Answer 10

In the glomerulus

Question 11

Artery responsible for delivering blood to glomerulus

Answer 11

Afferent arterioles

Question 12

Artériole responsible for taking blood away from glomerulus

Answer 12

Efferent arterioles

Question 13

Subdivision of efferent arterioles

Answer 13

Peritubular capillaries

Question 14

Two types of nephrons

Answer 14

Cortical nephron

Juxtamedullary nephron

Question 15

Difference between two types of nephrons

Answer 15

Cortical : glomerulus in outer layer of cortex, hairpin loop dips slightly in medulla , no vasa recta,

Juxtaglomerular : glomerulus in inner layer of cortex , hairpin loop dips in entire depth of medulla, peritjbular capillaries form vasa recta

Question 16

Percentage of cortical nephron type

Answer 16

80%

Question 17

3 processes involved in urine formation

Answer 17

Glomerular filtration
Tubular réabsorption
Tubular secretion

Question 18

Type of plasma that is filtrated at glomerulus

Answer 18

Protein free plasma

Question 19

Percentage of plasma filtered at glomerulus

Answer 19

20%

Question 20

Liters of filtrate produce perday

Answer 20

180 L / day

125 ml/min

Question 21

Amount of filtered plasma that is réabsorbed

Answer 21

178.5L

Question 22

Composition of glomerular membrane

Answer 22

Glomerular capillary wall
Basement membrane
Inner layer of bowmans capsule

Question 23

Glomerular capillary wall composition

Answer 23

Single layer of flat endothelial cells

Perforated by large pores

Question 24

Role of pores in glomerular capillary electrophoresis wall

Answer 24

Makes 100 times more permeable to H20 and solutes

Question 25

Glomerular Basement membrane histology

Answer 25

Acellular gelatinous layer 
Has collagen ( structural strength) and glycoproteins ( prevent filtration of small plasma proteins )

Question 26

Inner layer of bowmans capsule histology

Answer 26

Podocytes

Filtration slits between podocytes ( allow filtrate to get into bowmans capsule )

Question 27

Major force that causes glomerular filtration

Answer 27

Blood pressuee

Question 28

Type of transport involved in filtration.

Answer 28

Passive

Question 29

Forces involved in filtration

Answer 29

Glomerular capillary blood pressure

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure

Bowmans capsule hydrostatic pressure

Question 30

GFR formula

Answer 30

GFR = Kf x net filtration pressure

Kf is filtration coeff

Question 31

Regulatory mechanism responsible for maintenance of GFR

Answer 31

Autoregulation - blood pressure

Myogenic mechanism :
Dilatation of afferent artériole increase GFR
Constriction of afferent artériole reduce GFR