Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal > Acid Base Balance And Disorders > Flashcards

Acid Base Balance And Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is volatile acid

A

Can leave solution and enter atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is fixed acids

A

Do not leave solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is organic acid

A

Participants or by products of aerobic metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the acidic substances of the body

A

Carbonic acid
Phosphoric acid
Sulphuric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the organic acids of the body

A

Lactate
Acetoacetate
Pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the alkaline substances of body

A

Citrate

Bicarbonates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Normal pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is maintaining pH important ?

A

Enzyme activities
Normal metabolism
Normal coordination
Normal health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

First line of defense in pH regulation

A

Blood buffer system (reacts in less than a second)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Second line of defense to regulate blood pH

A

Respiratory mechanism (reacts in seconds to minutes )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3rd line of defense to regulate blood pH

A

Renal mechanism (min to hours to react)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the chief buffer of the blood

A

Bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the alkali reserve in the body

A

NaHCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The nicarbone buffer is connected to the …

A

Respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The phosphate buffer is connected to the

A

Excretory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does H2CO3 play on the respiratory system

A

Stimulates respiratory center -> hyperventilation for renoval from blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What enzyme responsible for exhalation of H2CO3 as carbon dioxide

A

Carbonic anhydrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is respiratory mechanism limited

A

Does not work on fixed acids like lactic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If low H2CO3 how is breathing ?

A

Hypoventilation -> slow and shallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Most effective regulator of blood pH

A

Renal mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Different mechanism of kidney that maintains acid base balance

A

Reabsorption of bicarbonate
Excretion of H+
Excretion of titrable acids
Excretion of ammonium ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Urine pH

A

4.5-9.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

2 major acid base balance disturbances

A

Acidosis

Alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

At what pH is there instant death

A

Less than 6.8

More than 8.0

25
How does change in pH affect enzymes
Protonation or deprotonation of active site | Inacitvation
26
How does pH affect excitability of nerve and muscle cells
Decreased pH -> decreased excitability | Increased pH -> increased excitability
27
Relation between acidosis and potassium level
When acidosis more protons are secreted so less potassium are excreted potassium retention affect cardiac function
28
Can access these balance affect electrolytes and hormones
Yes
29
What are the four primary disorders of acid base balance
Respiratory acidosis increased CO2 respiratory alkalosis decreased CO2 metabolic acidosis decreased bicarbonates metabolic alkalosis increased by carbonate
30
Disease that cause respiratory acidosis
``` Cystic fibrosis pneumonia Drugs or head edema trauma causing depression of respiratory center in the brain paralysis of respiratory or chest muscles Emphysema asthma pulmonary edema obstruction of respiratory tract congestive cardiac failure ```
31
Common causes of metabolic acidosis
Too much alcohol | loss of bicarbonate during diarrhea
32
How does lungs compensate for metabolic acidosis
Hyperventilation
33
Metabolic alkalosis causes
Vomiting excessive | base intake
34
Hypoventilation
35
Causes of respiratory acidosis
Primary carbonic acid access Increase carbon dioxide increased H2CO3 Defect in respiratory center of the brain decreased elimination of H2CO3 by the lungs hypoventilation
36
Respiratory acidosis carbon dioxide level
Above 45 mm Hg hypercapnia
37
Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis
``` Restlessness restlessness disorientation tremors convulsions, comatose respiratory rates repeats and gradually depressed skin is warm flushed due to vasodilation because of excess carbon dioxide ```
38
Treatment of respiratory acidosis
Restore ventilation IV lactate solution treat underlying dysfunction or disease
39
What level of carbon dioxide indicates respiratory alkalosis
Carbon dioxide less than 35 mmHg
40
Primary cause of respiratory. Alkalosis
Hyperventilation
41
What conditions stimulates respiratory center which cause respiratory alkalosis
``` Oxygen deficiency at high altitude pulmonary disease ,congestive heart failure causing hypoxia respiratory center lesions acute anxiety fever anemia early salicylates intoxication cirrhosis gram-negative sepsis ,meningitis ```
42
Wx Most common cause of hyperventilation and thus alkalosis
anxiety
43
Treatment of respiratory alkalosis
Treats underlying cause breath into a paper bag Iv chloride containing solution of chlorides which replace lost bicarbonate ions
44
What is the primary alkali deficits
Metabolic
45
When do you have metabolic acidosis in terms of bicarbonates concentration
When bicarbonates drop below 22meq
46
Causes of metabolic acidosis
Loss of bicarbonate through diarrhea or renal dysfunction overproduction of acids like lactic acid or ketones failure of kidneys to excrete hydrogen ions
47
Five major causes of metabolic acidosis
``` Ingesting acid or substance metabolize to acid abnormal metabolism kidney insufficiencies strenuous exercise severe diarrhea ```
48
What type of disease can cause abnormal metabolism leading to metabolic acidosis
Ketoacidosis lacticacidosis type one diabetes Molite us a controlled diabetes mellitus prolonged starvation shock hemorrhage violent exercise
49
Symptoms of metabolic acidosis
``` Headache lethargy nausea vomiting diarrhea coma desth ```
50
Treatment of metabolic acidosis
IV lactate solution
51
When is metabolic alkalosis diagnosed with bicarbonates amount
When bicarbonate more than 26 meq
52
Causes of metabolic alkalosis
``` Excess vomiting with loss of stomach acid excessive use of alkaline drugs certain diuretics Endocrine disorders heavy ingestion of antacids severe dehydration Cushing syndrome prolonged exposure to x-ray and UV rays ```
53
Metabolic alkalosis treatment
Baking soda Electrolytes to replace lost IV chloride containing solution treat underlying disorder
54
Compensation for metabolic alkalosis
Generally comes with renal dysfunction so cannot count on kidneys Rhetoric in position difficult because hypoventilation limited by hypoxia
55
Symptoms of metabolic alkalosis
``` Slow and shallow respiration hyperactive reflexes tetany depletion of electrolytes atrial tachycardia dysrhythmias ```
56
Main cation of body
Sodium | potassium
57
Main anions
bicarbonates | Chloride
58
Does anion gap increases or decreases in metabolic acidosis
Increases

Renal (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions