Kidney Biochem Flashcards
Different part of a nephron
Glomerulus Proximal tubule Descending limb Loop of henle Ascending limb Distal tube Collecting duct
Excretory function of kidney
Remove waste product from bloodstream
Type of waste eliminated by kidney
Urea Uric acid Creatinine Urobilina Acids, drugs Excess Na, K, Cl, Ca, HPO4, Mg, S, HCO3
Homeostatic role of kidney
Blood pressure , blood volume regulation Water balance Blood ph maintenance Electrolytes balance Regulation of red blood cells
Reabsorptive function of kidney
Reabsorption of glucose , aa, electrolytes, proteins
Metabolic function of kidney
Synthesis of gluthatione, glycogen, ammonia
Breaking of hormones and cytokines
Endocrine functin of kidney
Synthesis of erythropoitein
Vitamin D activation
Renin release
Urinary ph norm
4.5-5
3 general causes to acute renal failure
Prerenal causes
Renal causes
Post renal causes
Renal causes to acute renal failure
Vascular disorders
Glomerulonephritis
Interstitial nephritis
Tubular necrosis
Tubular necrosis causes
Ischemia
Toxins
Pigments
Main cause of acute renal failure
Prerenal causes , renal perfusion disorders - 55%
2nd main cause of acute renal failure
Disease of renal parenchyma - 40 %
Is ARF reversible
Yes most of the time
What is prerenal azotemia
Renal hypoperfusion which is rapidly reversible but can lead to ischemic renal renal parenchyma injury and intrinsic renal azotemia if prolonged
Majors causes of prerenal ARF
Hypovolemia
Low CO
Increased renal systemic vascular resistance ratio
Diseases of renal azotemia causing ARF
Renovascular obstruction
Disease of glomeruli
Acute tubular necrosis ( ischemia, toxins)
Interstitial nephritis ( allergy, infection, infiltration , idiopathic)
Postrenal azotemia causes
Ureteric (calculi ,blood clots ,cancer )
bladder neck (neurogenic bladder ,prostatic hyperplasia , calculi , blood clot, cancer )
urethra stricture
What is the mechanism of post Renal disease leading to ARF
Glomerular filtration continues in early stage of obstruction
increased intraluminal pressure upstream to the obstruction
gradual distention of proximal ureter ,renal pelvis and calyces
fall in GFR
What are some Renal injury that can lead to chronic renal failure
Glomerulonephritis
diabetes mellitus
hypertension
tubulo interstitial nephritis
What is GFR
sensitive index of overall renal excretory function
What is the consequence of decreased GF our
Retention and accumulation of the excreted substances in the body fluids
What does uremia indicates
Profound loss of renal function
What impact the severity of the signs and symptoms of uremia
The magnitude of reduction in functioning renal mass
the rapidity with which renal function is lost