Concentrated Urine

Question 1

What is the system responsible for the formation of concentrated urine

Answer 1

countercurrent system

Question 2

How does the kidney conserve water

Answer 2

By excreting concentrated urine

Question 3

What are the basic requirements for forming a concentrated urine

Answer 3

High ADH

hyper osmotic Reno medullary interstitium

Question 4

What is the function of ADH in concentrated your information

Answer 4

Increases permeability of distal tubule and collecting duct to water

Question 5

What are the two forms of development and maintenance of hyperosmotic in Renal medullary interstitial

Answer 5

Countercurrents system

urea recycling

Question 6

What are the two forms of countercurrent system

Answer 6

Countercurrent multiplier

countercurrent exchanger

Question 7

Where does the countercurrent multiplier occur

Answer 7

Loop of Henle

Question 8

What is the function of the countercurrent multiplier

Answer 8

Establishes the medullary osmotic gradient

Question 9

What makes up the countercurrent exchanger

Answer 9

Vasa recta

Question 10

What is the function of the countercurrent exchanger

Answer 10

Maintain gradients

Question 11

What is the first step ( single effect) in countercurrent multiplication

Answer 11

Initial states of 300 in tube and interstitium
Sodium chloride reabsorbed from ascending limb
interstitial fluids now 400. Fruits in the a Ascending limb now 200
Equilibrium in a descending limb which becomes 400

Question 12

What is stage 2 of countercurrent multiplication( flow of fluid)

Answer 12

Fluids with osmolarity of 300 enters distance in length

Hiigh osmolarity fluid of 400 in descending limb pushed down towards loop of Henley

Question 13

What is the three of countercurrent multiplication (single effect again)

Answer 13

Sodium chloride reabsorbed out of the ascending limb and deposited in interstitial fluid
osmolarity increases even more at 500
osmolarity of fluid in ascending limb decreases further to 150

Question 14

What is the floor in countercurrent multiplication (flow of fluid)

Answer 14

New fluid with osmolarity of 300 enter descending limb

High osmolarity fluid in descending limb pushed down to the loop of Henley

Question 15

What is countercurrent exchange

Answer 15

 fluid of descending limb of vasa recta 300 osmolarity
Sodium chloride and urea defuses into descending limb and water diffuses out so that fluid in vasa recta can equilibrate with surrounding interstitial fluid

At bend of vasa recta osmolarity equal to interstitial fluid about 1200

At the ascending limb, interstitial fluid has decreased osmolarity so water diffuses in and solutes diffuse out for equilibration

Question 16

How does the areas recycling come about

Answer 16

Cortical collecting duct -> When water Reabsorbed because of ADH , urea concentration of tubular fluid increase

Inner medullary collecting duct ADH increases with water and urea permeability so urea diffuses down its concentration gradient into the interstitium Route and therefore not excreted but rather recycled

Question 17

That’s molarity of glomerular filtrate

Answer 17

300