Renal Pathology

Question 1

What is the function of the kidneys?

Answer 1

A- acid base balance
W- Water balance
E-Electrolytes
T-
B-Blood pressure
E-eyrthopotein
D-Vitamin D

Question 2

Give examples of blood proteins

Answer 2

Albuminuria

Question 3

If there is an abnormal function of the proximal tubule or glomerular filtration, what could this lead to?

Answer 3

Albuminuria

Question 4

What is the accumulation of acid in the blood called?

Answer 4

Acidosis

Question 5

What are symptoms or biomarkers of kidney diseases?

Answer 5

1) Proteinuria
2) Blood in urine
3) Kidney stones(pain)
4) Increased blood pressure
5) Change to erythrocytes counts

Question 6

What is the cause of kidney stones?

Answer 6

Accumulation of calcium oxalate

Question 7

What is diabetic nephropathy?

Answer 7

The loss of the glomerular filtration function caused by diabetes. Leads to increased proteinuria and will need dialysis.

Question 8

What is Glomerulosclerosis?

Answer 8

This is scarring of the glomerulus ,which is the filtering part of the kidney. This can be caused by high blood pressure or chronic inflammation.

Question 9

What is HIF1a?

Answer 9

This is hypoxia induced factor 1 alpha. Low levels of oxygen induces which in result increases the expression of EPO.