Renal/Kidney Stones Flashcards
MC Kidney Stone? MC presentation?
Calcium oxalate stone
Calcium oxalate stone in patient with hypercalciuria and normocalcemia
Which Stones precipitate in Low pH?
Calcium oxalate
Uric Acid
Cystine
“U C Acid Ox”
Which stones precipitate in High pH?
Calcium phosphate
Ammonium magnesium phosphate (Struvite)
“Phosphate is Basic”
Which Stones are NOT shown (RadioUcent) on x-ray?
Uric Acid, Unseen in x-ray
Calcium Oxalate Stones Causes?
Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) Crohn's Disease=>due to increased oxalate reabsorption
Calcium Oxalate Stones Crystals Description?
Envelope-dumbbell shaped calcium oxalate
Calcium Oxalate Stones Tx?
Thiazides
Ammonium magnesium phosphate stones Causes?
Urease ⊕ bugs (e.g., Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella)
Urease ⊕ bugs pathogenesis?
Hydrolyze urea to ammonia=>urine alkalinization
Another name for Ammonium magnesium phosphate stones?
Struvite
Staghorn Calciculi in Adults?
AMP stones
Staghorn Calciculi in Children?
Cystine stones
Ammonium magnesium phosphate stones Tx?
Surgical removal stone
MC stone in patient w/gout and leukemia?
Uric Acid Stones
Risk Factors for Uric Acid Stone?
Arid Climates=>Low volume and acidic pH
Uric Acid stones Tx?
Alkalinization of urine
Cystine Stone Pathogenesis?
PCT absorption of Cystine loses function
Cystine makes what kind of stone?
Six-tine makes a six-sided stone
Cystine stones Tx?
Alkalinization of the urine
Unilateral flank tenderness, colicky pain radiating to groin, hematuria
Kidney Stones
