Nephron Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Where does PTH allow for Phosphate Excretion?

A

Early PCT

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2
Q

Where does AT2 stimulate Na+/H+ exchange?

A

Early PCT

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3
Q

Role of Thin ascending loop?

A

Make Urine Hypertonic

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4
Q

Role of Thick ascending loop?

A

Make Urine Hypotonic

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5
Q

Receptor in Thick ascending Loop?

A

NKCC

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6
Q

Makes urine most dilute (hypotonic)?

A

Early DCT

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7
Q

Where does PTH induced Ca2+ absorption occur?

A

Early DCT

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8
Q

ADH—acts at V2 receptor to do?

A

insertion of aquaporin H2O channels on apical side.

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9
Q

Principal Cells regulates

A

K+ and Na+

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10
Q

å-Intercalated cells secrete? Reabsorb?

A

Acid (H+)

Bicarb

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11
Q

Highest TF/P=?

A

PAH

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12
Q

Which substances have a TF/P>1?

A

PAH, Inulin, Creatinine, Urea, Cl-

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13
Q

Lowest TF/P?

A

Glucose

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14
Q

TF/P closest to 1?

A

Na and K+

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15
Q

What three things increase Renin? Who is it sensed by?

A
Decreased BP (JG cells)
Decreased Na+ delivery (Macula densa cells)
Increased Symp. TOne (B1 receptors)
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16
Q

AT2 does two things?

A
  1. Tenses Angios (Vasoconstriction and Constriction of efferent arteriole)
  2. Increase Na and H20 reabsorption+ thirst via hypothalamus
17
Q

Na+H+ activity in the PCT can lead to?

A

Contraction alkalosis

18
Q

How does ANP and BNP affect RAAS system?

A

Relaxes vascular smooth muscle via cGMP=>increased GFR and decrease Renin

19
Q

What primarily regulates Osmolarity?

A

Vasopressin

20
Q

What primarily regulates ECF volume and Na+ content?

A

Aldosterone

21
Q

JG cells secrete renin in response to?

A

Low Renal BP

Increased Symp (B1)

22
Q

Macula densa cells secrete renin in response to?

A

Decreased Na+ delivery

23
Q

Macula densa cells sense Increased NaCl=Increased GFR and release what?

A

Adenosine=>to vasoconstrict

24
Q

B-BLockers decrease BP by blocking?

A

B1 stimulation in JG cells

25
Q

In hypoxic states, EPO is secreted by which cells of the kidney?

A

interstitial cells in peritubular capillary bed

26
Q

PCT cells convert 25-OH vitamin D to 1,25- (OH)2 vitamin D (active form) via?

A

1α-hydroxylase

27
Q

PGE is produced by?

A

Paracrine secretion

28
Q

ANP secretion in response to increased atrial pressure leads to?

A

Na+ loss and volume loss

29
Q

PTH is stimulated via 3 ways?

A
  1. Decreased plasma [Ca2+]
  2. Increased 􏰀plasma [PO43–],
  3. Decreased 􏰁plasma 1,25 (active form)
30
Q

PTH Does 4 Things, what are they?

A
  1. Increased 􏰀[Ca2+] reabsorption (DCT),
    􏰁2. Decreased [PO43–] reabsorption (PCT), and 3. Increased 􏰀1,25-(OH)2 D3 production
  2. 􏰀Ca2+ and PO43– absorption from gut via vitamin D
31
Q

Vasopressin is secreted in response to?

A

Increased plasma osmolarity and decreased volume=>increases number of AQ porins

32
Q

A Patient With Hyperkalemia?

A

DO LAβS

33
Q

DO LAβS

A
Digitalis (blocks Na+/K+ ATPase)
HyperOsmolarity
Lysis of cells (e.g., crush injury, rhabdomyolysis, cancer)
Acidosis
β-blocker
High blood Sugar (insulin deficiency)
34
Q

Insulin shifts K+ into cells causing?

A

Hypokalemia