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ECOS II Final > Renal Imaging > Flashcards

Renal Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most commonly used imaging modality for pts with renal disease?

A

Renal US

Initial imaging of choice for urinary tract obstruction

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2
Q

What are other indications for renal US?

A

Congenital anomalies, differentiating renal cyst vs tumor, poly cystic kidney dz, renal artery stenosis, hydronephrosis, monitoring irreversible kidney dz

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3
Q

All pts presenting with renal failure and failure of unknown cause should undergo what?

A

Renal US

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4
Q

What are the pros for renal US?

A

No risk of radiation or contrast, easy to use, widely available

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5
Q

What are the cons for renal US?

A

Less sensitive for urinary obstructions in lower pelvis

Cannot exclude small non obstructing stones

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6
Q

What is a horseshoe kidney?

A

Congenital anomaly caused by abnormal migration of the kidneys from the pelvis to their dorsolumbar position
Inferior poles of both kidneys fuse and get trapped under the IMA

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7
Q

What are the sx of a horse shoe kidney?

A

Kidney functions normally

Highly associated with hydronephrosis and increased risk of renal cancer

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8
Q

What is the imaging of choice for horseshoe kidney?

A

Post natal US used to confirm dx

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9
Q

What is the modality of choice to dx acute urinary retention (AUR)?

A

Bladder US

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10
Q

What are the sx of AUR?

A

Inability to pass urine, lower abd pain, +/- restlessness, acute change of mental status in the elderly

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11
Q

What are the pros for bladder US?

A

Faster, lower risk of infection, more comfortable, and cheaper vs urethral catheterization

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12
Q

What are the indications for a renal CT scan?

A

Evaluate complex renal cysts/masses detected by US, confirm/localize suspected urethral obstruction not seen on Us, stage renal tumors, dx renal vein thrombosis, evaluate pathologies of renal A (i.e. fibromuscular dysplasia)

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13
Q

What is the gold standard to dx kidney stones?

A

Non contrast low radiation CT bc it can detect small stones not seen on US or X-ray

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14
Q

What are the risks for a renal CT scan?

A

Contrast can be nephrotoxic therefore caution when using in pts with renal dz
Radiation exposure

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15
Q

What are the sx for nephrolithiasis?

A

Flank pain and hematuria are the MC sx

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16
Q

What is the imaging of choice for nephrolithiasis?

A

Non contrast low radiation CT

17
Q

What are the sx for a renal tumor?

A

Hematuria, flank pain, non specific sx (fever, weight loss, loss of appetite)

18
Q

What is the imaging of choice for a renal tumor?

A

US for primary emulation

Renal CT scan is most sensitive in detecting renal masses

19
Q

KUB X-ray is not commonly performed in pts with what?

A

Renal dz

Can be used in pts with sx of nephrolithiasis to ID Ca containing, struvite, and cystine stones

20
Q

What are the cons for KUB?

A

Cannot visualize radiolucent uric acid stones, small radiopaque stones, stones overlying boney structures

ECOS II Final (10 decks)

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