Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ECOS II Final > Approach To ENT Complaint > Flashcards

Approach To ENT Complaint Flashcards

1
Q

When do the frontal sinuses develop?

A

8-10 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can cause cobblestoning?

A

Inflammation or infection

Possibly allergies as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is allergic rhinitis?

A

Inflammation in the nose caused by an allergen characterized by sneezing, rhinorrhea (nasal discharge), and nasal obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is anterior epistaxis (nosebleeds)?

A

Most common nose bleed usually affects the vascular watershed area of the nasal septum (Kiesselbach’s plexus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is posterior epistaxis?

A

Less common

Usually this causes a more significant bleeding and affects the posterolateral branches of the sphenopalatine artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is tonsillitis?

A

Inflammation of the tonsils usually due to a specific bacterial or virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is infectious mononucleosis?

A

Illness caused by a virus called Epstein Barr virus and causes triad of fever, tonsillar pharyngitis (sore throat) and lymphadenopathy (enlarged LNs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is pharyngitis?

A

Inflammation of the pharynx with resulting sore throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the most likely infectious causes for pharyngitis?

A

Viral and bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are common sx for viral pharyngitis?

A

Coryza (inflamed mucous membrane), conjunctivitis, malaise or fatigue, hoarseness, and low grade fever suggest the presence of viral pharyngitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)?

A

Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some sx of strep throat?

A

Sore throat, HA, fatigue, fever, body aches, nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Highest likelihood of group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) if what?

A

Children 5-15, winter and early spring seasons, absence of cough, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillar exudate, fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are labs to consider performing for pharyngitis?

A

Rapid Ag test or rapid strep Ag test (detects presence of strep)
Throat culture (throat swab)
Mono spot test (test for mononucleosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are middle ear infections?

A

Acute otitis media (AOM)

Otitis media with effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

Outer ear infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is labyrinthitis?

A

Inner ear infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is acute OM?

A

Symptomatic inflammation of the middle ear that can be caused by bacteria or viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is acute suppurative OM?

A

Acute OM with purulent material in the middle ear

20
Q

What is OM with effusion (serous OM)?

A

Inflammation and fluid buildup (effusion) in the middle ear without bacterial or viral infection
This may occur bc the fluid buildup persists after an ear infection has resolved
May also occur bc of SD or noninfectious blockage of the Eustachian tubes

21
Q

What is chronic OM with effusion?

A

Occurs when fluid remains in the middle ear and continues to return without bacterial or viral infection
Makes children susceptible to new ear infections and may affect hearing

22
Q

What is chronic suppurative otitis media?

A

A persistent ear infection that often results in tearing or perforating of the eardrum

23
Q

What will the ear look like with acute OM?

A

Often appears the TM is building
Erythematous
TM has reduced mobility when pneumatic otoscope is used

24
Q

What will the ear look like with otitis media with effusion?

A

Fluid behind ear drum
Often follows AOM
Can last 3 months (if persists called chronic OM with effusion)
Can affect hearing esp if its chronic

25
Q

Describe otitis externa

A

Can be caused by bacteria entering a small break in skin of canal
Pts may report drainage from ear
Usually associated with pain upon touching the external ear structures

26
Q

What is otosclerosis?

A

Abnormal bone growth around stapes bone
Associated with progressive hearing loss beginning at ages 10-30
Marked hearing loss occurring during middle age
Affects more females than males

27
Q

What are the two types of otosclerosis?

A

Conductive and sensory loss

28
Q

What is conductive loss?

A

Ossicle sclerosis into a single immovable mass

29
Q

What is sensory loss?

A

Otic capsule sclerosis

30
Q

What is an abnormal Weber test?

A

If sound lateralizes to one ear it is either conduction loss in that ear or sensorineural loss in the opposite ear

31
Q

What are some causes for conductive hearing loss?

A

Cerumen impaction, middle ear fluid, lack of movement of the ossicles, trauma, other causes of obstruction such as tumors

32
Q

What are causes for sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Hereditary, Meniere disease, MS, trauma, ototoxic drugs, barotrauma, etc

33
Q

What is rhinosinusitis/sinusitis?

A

Mucosal lining in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity becomes inflamed
Bacterial and viral causes

34
Q

What are other causes for rhinosinusitis/sinusitis?

A

Dental infections and procedure, iatrogenic causes (sinus surgery, nasogastric tubes, etc), immunodeficiency, impaired ciliary motility, mechanical obstruction

35
Q

What are signs and sx for rhinosinusitis/sinusitis?

A

Nasal discharge, sneezing, cough, nasal congestion, fever, Ha, pain and facial pressure

36
Q

What is bacterial sinusitis?

A 
Suspicion of acute bacterial sinusitis 
Double sickening (initially get slightly better than gets worse), purulent rhinorrhea, elevated ESR
37
Q

When is acute bacterial rhinosinusitis indicated?

A

When signs or sx of acute rhinosinusitis persist without evidence of improvement for at least 10 days beyond the onset of upper respiratory sx

38
Q

What is croup (laryngotracheitis)?

A

Swelling of the larynx, trachea, bronchi causing inspiratory stridor and barking cough in children 6 mo to 3 years old
Causes: parainfluenza virus, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus
Hx: barking cough
Presentation: fever, nasal flaring, respiratory retractions, stridor
Can perform XR

39
Q

What is epiglottitis?

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis and adjacent structures
Causes: haemophilus type B influenza, group A beta hemolytic streptococcus
Hx: rapid onset of sx, sore throat, muffled voice, drooling
Presentation: high grade fever, toxic appearance, child sitting or leaning forward
Consider lateral neck XR, elevated WBC

40
Q

What is the most common cause of Eustachian tube dysfunction?

A

When the tube gets inflamed and mucus or fluid builds up
Causes include: flu, sinus infection, or allergies
Can cause vertigo

41
Q

What is BBPV?

A

One of the MC causes of vertigo
Sudden sensation that youre spinning or that the inside of your head is spinning
Causes brief episodes of mild to intense dizziness
Triggered by specific changes in the position of your head

42
Q

What is vestibular neuritis (inflammation of the nerve)?

A

Affects the branch associated with balance, resulting in dizziness or vertigo but no change in hearing

43
Q

What is labyrinthitis?

A

Occurs when an infection affects both branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve resulting in hearing changes as well as dizziness or vertigo

44
Q

Describe Meniere’s disease

A

Disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes in which you feel as if youre spinning (vertigo) and you have fluctuating hearing loss with a progressive permanent hearing loss, ringing of the ear (tinnitus), and sometimes a feeling of fullness or pressure in your ear
Affects one ear
Usually starts between ages 20-50

45
Q

Which techniques can be used to diagnose BPPV?

A

Dix-Hallpike maneuver and Epley maneuver

ECOS II Final (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions