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Memorize for 2nd Year Exams > Renal II > Flashcards

Renal II Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of ANCA-associated rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

A

Plasma exchange

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2
Q

Platelets a little high, haemoglobin low = ?

A

Usually chronic bleed e.g. bowel cancer

In renal, think ANCA-associated vasculitis

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3
Q

What are the following testicular tumours associated with?

A

hCG - trophoblastic
AFP - yolk sac component
PLAP - seminoma

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4
Q

If ACEI and ARB are contraindicated in renal artery stenosis, which BP medication should you use?

A

Amlodipine

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5
Q

Which type of calcium channel blocker is contraindicated in a patient at risk of cardiac depression?

A

Rate limiting e.g. Verapamil

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6
Q

What are sick day rules for ACEI

A

If you’re ill, don’t take the ACEI

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7
Q

Which GN causes foot process fusion

A

Minimal change

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8
Q

Which GN is associated with HIV, heroin and obesity

A

FSGS

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9
Q

Which GN is associated with Hep B

A

Membranous

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10
Q

Which GN is associated with SLE, gold, penicillamine

A

Membranous

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11
Q

Which GN is associated with HSP, resp/gi infection?

A

IgA

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12
Q

Which GN is associated with glomerular crescents?

A

Rapidly progressive

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13
Q

Which GN is associated with ANCA?

A

Rapidly progressive

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14
Q

What are the creatinine criteria for AKI stage 1, 2, 3?

A 
Stage 1
- Increase >26 or 
- Increase 1.5-1.9x reference 
Stage 2
- Increase >2-209x reference 
Stage 3
- Increase >3x reference or 
Increase to >354 or - Need for RRT
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15
Q

Describe the features of diabetic nephropathy

A
  • Renal hypertrophy - glucose stimulates growth factors
  • Mesangial expansion
  • Nodular and diffuse glomerulosclerosis
  • Proteinuria - GBM thickening and podocyte dysfunction
  • Inflammation
  • Tubulo-interstitial fibrosis
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16
Q

What do ACEI do in diabetic nephropathy?

A

Dilate the efferent to create normal pressure in the glomerulus

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17
Q

What is the myeloma screening test?

A

Serum protein electrophoresis

Bone marrow biopsy confirms the diagnosis

18
Q

What does vasculitis cause in the glomerulus on histology?

A

Crescents

19
Q

Which grades of Gleason score are concerning and not concerning?

A

<6 is not concerning

>8 is high grade

20
Q

What should you think of in a young person with multifocal or bilateral renal cell carcinoma?

A

Von Hippel Lindau

21
Q

When is the peak incidence of testicular teratoma?

A

20-30 years

22
Q

Treatment of infected hydronephrosis

A

Percutaneous nephrostomy

23
Q

Commonest cause of frank haematuria?

A

Infective cystitis

24
Q

Investigation of frank haematuria?

A

CT urogram + cystscopy

25
Q

What must you do in testicular torsion?

A

Fix the contralateral side

26
Q

Investigation of urethral injury?

A

Retrograde urethrogram

27
Q

Treatment of urethral injury?

A

Suprapubic catheter

Delayed reconstruction after at least 3 months

28
Q

Investigation of bladder trauma?

A

CT cystography

29
Q

In AKI when should you do a biopsy?

A

Suspected rapidly progressive GN
Positive immunology + AKI
Unexplained AKI to gain a diagnosis

30
Q

What does damage to endothelial + mesangial cells cause vs podocytes?

A

Endothelial + mesangial = proliferative lesion and red cells in the urine
Podocyte = non-proliferative and proteinuria

31
Q

What process does nephrotic syndrome suggest?

A

Non proliferative process affected Podocytes

32
Q

What process does nephritic syndrome suggest?

A

Proliferative process affecting endothelial cells

33
Q

Give an example of an alkylating agent

A

Cyclophosphamide

34
Q

Treatment of minimal change GN?

A

Oral steroids

2nd line - cyclophosphamide

35
Q

Treatment of FSGS?

A

Prolonged oral steroids

36
Q

What are the two most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults world wide?

A

1st - FSGS

2nd - membranous

37
Q

Where are immune complexes deposited in IgA nephropathy?

A

Mesangial cells - causing proliferation

38
Q

What does IgA nephropathy show on biopsy?

A

Far more black dots - mesangial cells have proliferated

39
Q

What is the antigen in Goodpasture’s?

A

Type IV collagen

40
Q

Treatment of rapidly progressive GN?

A

IV steroids + cyclophosphamide

41
Q

Which antibody does IF show in post-strep GN?

A

IgG

Memorize for 2nd Year Exams (13 decks)

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