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Memorize for 2nd Year Exams > Renal II > Flashcards

Renal II Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of ANCA-associated rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

A

Plasma exchange

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2
Q

Platelets a little high, haemoglobin low = ?

A

Usually chronic bleed e.g. bowel cancer

In renal, think ANCA-associated vasculitis

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3
Q

What are the following testicular tumours associated with?

A

hCG - trophoblastic
AFP - yolk sac component
PLAP - seminoma

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4
Q

If ACEI and ARB are contraindicated in renal artery stenosis, which BP medication should you use?

A

Amlodipine

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5
Q

Which type of calcium channel blocker is contraindicated in a patient at risk of cardiac depression?

A

Rate limiting e.g. Verapamil

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6
Q

What are sick day rules for ACEI

A

If you’re ill, don’t take the ACEI

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7
Q

Which GN causes foot process fusion

A

Minimal change

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8
Q

Which GN is associated with HIV, heroin and obesity

A

FSGS

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9
Q

Which GN is associated with Hep B

A

Membranous

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10
Q

Which GN is associated with SLE, gold, penicillamine

A

Membranous

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11
Q

Which GN is associated with HSP, resp/gi infection?

A

IgA

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12
Q

Which GN is associated with glomerular crescents?

A

Rapidly progressive

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13
Q

Which GN is associated with ANCA?

A

Rapidly progressive

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14
Q

What are the creatinine criteria for AKI stage 1, 2, 3?

A 
Stage 1
- Increase >26 or 
- Increase 1.5-1.9x reference 
Stage 2
- Increase >2-209x reference 
Stage 3
- Increase >3x reference or 
Increase to >354 or - Need for RRT
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15
Q

Describe the features of diabetic nephropathy

A
  • Renal hypertrophy - glucose stimulates growth factors
  • Mesangial expansion
  • Nodular and diffuse glomerulosclerosis
  • Proteinuria - GBM thickening and podocyte dysfunction
  • Inflammation
  • Tubulo-interstitial fibrosis
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16
Q

What do ACEI do in diabetic nephropathy?

A

Dilate the efferent to create normal pressure in the glomerulus

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17
Q

What is the myeloma screening test?

A

Serum protein electrophoresis

Bone marrow biopsy confirms the diagnosis

18
Q

What does vasculitis cause in the glomerulus on histology?

19
Q

Which grades of Gleason score are concerning and not concerning?

A

<6 is not concerning

>8 is high grade

20
Q

What should you think of in a young person with multifocal or bilateral renal cell carcinoma?

A

Von Hippel Lindau

21
Q

When is the peak incidence of testicular teratoma?

A

20-30 years

22
Q

Treatment of infected hydronephrosis

A

Percutaneous nephrostomy

23
Q

Commonest cause of frank haematuria?

A

Infective cystitis

24
Q

Investigation of frank haematuria?

A

CT urogram + cystscopy

25
What must you do in testicular torsion?
Fix the contralateral side
26
Investigation of urethral injury?
Retrograde urethrogram
27
Treatment of urethral injury?
Suprapubic catheter | Delayed reconstruction after at least 3 months
28
Investigation of bladder trauma?
CT cystography
29
In AKI when should you do a biopsy?
Suspected rapidly progressive GN Positive immunology + AKI Unexplained AKI to gain a diagnosis
30
What does damage to endothelial + mesangial cells cause vs podocytes?
Endothelial + mesangial = proliferative lesion and red cells in the urine Podocyte = non-proliferative and proteinuria
31
What process does nephrotic syndrome suggest?
Non proliferative process affected Podocytes
32
What process does nephritic syndrome suggest?
Proliferative process affecting endothelial cells
33
Give an example of an alkylating agent
Cyclophosphamide
34
Treatment of minimal change GN?
Oral steroids | 2nd line - cyclophosphamide
35
Treatment of FSGS?
Prolonged oral steroids
36
What are the two most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults world wide?
1st - FSGS | 2nd - membranous
37
Where are immune complexes deposited in IgA nephropathy?
Mesangial cells - causing proliferation
38
What does IgA nephropathy show on biopsy?
Far more black dots - mesangial cells have proliferated
39
What is the antigen in Goodpasture's?
Type IV collagen
40
Treatment of rapidly progressive GN?
IV steroids + cyclophosphamide
41
Which antibody does IF show in post-strep GN?
IgG

Memorize for 2nd Year Exams (13 decks)

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