Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
What does the cephalic vein drain into?
A
Axillary vein
2
Q
Which spinal nerves contribute to these nerves
- Axillary
- Median
- Musculocutaneous
- Radial
- Ulnar
A
Axillary: C5, C6 Median: C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 Musculocutaneous: C5, C6, C7 Radial: C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 Ulnar: C8, T1
3
Q
Which nerve passes through the two heads of pronator teres?
A
Median
4
Q
Which nerve enters the forearm between the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris?
A
Ulnar
5
Q
Which nerve pierces coracobrachialis?
A
Musculocutaneous
6
Q
Which nerve lies between biceps and brachialis in the lower 1/3 of the arm?
A
Musculocutaneous
7
Q
What does the great saphenous vein drain into?
A
Femoral vein
8
Q
Where does lymph from the lower limb drain to?
A
Popliteal nodes
Superficial + deep inguinal nodes
9
Q
Which interossei adduct and which abduct the fingers?
A
Palmar interossei adduct the fingers
Dorsal interossei abduct the fingers
Remember PAD / DAB
10
Q
What is the motor nerve supply of the hand?
A
Ulnar does the majority
Median does those of the thenar eminence, and the radial two lumbricals
11
Q
Which spinal roots give rise to the sciatic nerve?
A
L4 - S3
12
Q
Describe blood supply to head of femur
A
Medial + lateral circumflex arteries from deep femoral artery
Artery to head of femur is branch of obturator artery
13
Q
Which spinal roots give rise to the femoral nerve?
A
L2, L3, L4
14
Q
Which spinal roots give rise to the obturator nerve?
A
L2, 3, 4
15
Q
Which spinal roots give rise to tibial division of sciatic nerve?
A
L5, S1, S2
16
Q
What are the articulations at the knee joint?
A
2x tibiofemoral
1x patellofemoral
17
Q
Which reflex can you test at the calcaneal tendon?
A
Ankle jerk reflex
S1, S2
18
Q
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
A
From medial to lateral:
- Popliteal artery
- Popliteal vein
- Tibial nerve
- Common peroneal nerve
19
Q
surgical neck of humerus = which nerve injury?
A
Axillary
20
Q
Which muscles foes axillary nerve supply?
A
Deltoid
Teres minor
21
Q
Injury at medial epicondyle = which nerve injury?
A
Ulnar nerve
22
Q
Radiocarpal joint is which type of joint?
A
Ellipsoid
23
Q
Which nerve pierces coracobrachialis?
A
Musculocutaneous
24
Q
Which nerve lies between the two heads of supinator
A
Radial
25
What marks the anterior and posterior boundaries of the sella turcica?
Four projections called clinoid processes
26
Where do dural venous sinuses drain into?
Internal jugular veins at the jugular foramina
27
What immediately surrounds the pituitary gland
Cavernous sinuses
28
What connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?
Isthmus
| Lies at 2nd + 3rd cartilages of the trachea
29
Which nerve supplied sternocleidomastoid?
CN XI - spinal accessory
| Also does trapezius
30
What runs in the carotid sheaths?
Internal jugular vein
Common, then the internal carotid arteries
Vagus nerve
Deep cervical lymph nodes
31
Describe arterial blood supply to the thyroid
Superior thyroid artery - branch of external carotid artery
| Inferior thyroid artery - branch of subclavian artery
32
Describe venous drainage to the thyroid
Superior + middle thyroid veins - drain back to internal jugular vein
Inferior thyroid vein - drains back to left brachiocephalic vein
33
What are the four strap muscles?
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
34
Somatic sensory innervation of the nasal cavity?
Upper triangle = V1 - anterior ethmoidal nerve
| Lower triangle = V2 - nasopalatine nerve
35
Where does frontal sinus drain into
Middle meatus - semilunar hiatus
36
Where does anterior ethmoidal sinus drain into?
Middle meatus - semilunar hiatus
37
Where does middle ethmoidal sinus drain into?
Middle meatus - ethmoidal bulla
38
Where does posterior ethmoidal sinus drain into?
Superior meatus
39
Where does maxillary sinus drain into?
Middle meatus - semilunar hiatus
40
Where does nasolacrimal duct drain into?
Inferior meatus
41
Where does sphenoid sinus drain into?
Spheno-ethmoidal recess
42
Which sinus is prone to infection?
Maxillary
Ostium of maxillary sinus is location superior in relation to its cavity
Cilia must work against gravity
43
Which vessels pass through the internal acoustic meatus?
Labyrinthine artery (+ vein)
- Branch of anterior inferior cerebellar artery
- From circle of Willis
44
Nervous supply of tympanic membrane
Outer surface - CN V3, CN X
| Inner surface - IX
45
```
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to:
Middle ear cavity
Eustachian tube
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Tonsils
```
CN IX
46
Which nerve supplies tensor tympani and stapedius
TT - CN V3
| Stapedius - CN VII
47
What is the aditus?
Doorway into the mastoid antrum from the epitympanic recess
48
Sensory supply of the pharynx?
Naso + oro = CN IX
| Laryngo = CN X
49
What is the role of CN VII in the mouth?
Taste buds on anterior 2/3 of the tongue
| Parasympathetic supply to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
50
What is facial canal?
Connects the internal acoustic meatus to the stylomastoid foramen
CN VII flows through here
51
Of urticle and saccule, which senses horizontal and which vertical movement?
Utricle - horizontal
| Saccule - vertical
52
What is the opening for the submandibular glands called?
Caruncle
53
What are the two muscles of the floor of the mouth and what supplies them?
Geniohyoid - C1
| Mylohyoid - V3
54
Describe pathway of parotid duct
Crosses masseter
| Pierces buccinator
55
Which nerve supplies the parotid gland?
CN IX
56
What supplies the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
CN IX
| Taste and general sensory
57
What supplies anterior 2/3 of tongue?
General sensory - CN V3
| Taste - CN VII
58
What are the two groups of muscles in the tongue?
Extrinsic - change the position of the tongue
| Intrinsic - change the shape of the tongue
59
Which nerves supply the skeletal muscles of the tongue?
All hypoglossal - CN XII
| Palatoglossus - CN X
60
Which way will the tongue point if CN XII is damaged?
In unilateral CN XII damage the tongue tip will POINT TOWARDS the side of the injured nerve
61
Where in orientation do the arteries and nerves pass on the tongue?
Arteries pass medial to hyoglossus
| Nerves pass lateral to hyoglossus
62
Which nerve supplies the muscles of the soft palate?
CNX
| Except tensor veli palatini (the small one at the side)- V3
63
Which way will the uvula point if CN XII is damaged?
Away from the diseased side
64
Which nerve supplies the muscles of the pharynx?
CN X
| Except stylopharyngeus - CN IX
65
What are the two layers of the muscles of the pharynx?
Outer circular layer - constrictor
| Inner longitudinal later - pull pharynx superiorly during swallowing
66
What is the ring of adenoid tissue in the pharynx called?
Waldeyer's ring
67
Which nerves supply the strap muscles?
C1, 2, 3
68
What spinal level does the larynx sit at?
C4-6
69
What is the landmark for changing the name of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve to the inferior thyroid nerve
Cricothyroid joint
70
What are the two processes of the arytenoid cartilages?
Anterior one is a vocal process
| Lateral one is muscular
71
What is the function of the laryngeal ventricle?
Inside this there are lots of serimucous glands – need to keep the vocal cords moist as they dry out quickly
72
Which nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
CN X
73
What is the impact of sound on the following vocal cord movements:
- Tension
- Relaxation
- Adduction
- Abduction
Tension (Increase pitch)
Relaxation (Decrease pitch)
Adduction (Quieter)
Abduction (Louder)
74
What is the mucosa above and below the laryngeal folds supplied by?
Above - internal laryngeal nerve
| Below - inferior laryngeal nerve
75
Which nerve innervated lacrimal gland?
CN VII
76
Which nerve supplies intrinsic muscles of the larynx
Inferior laryngeal nerve
77
Injury to the suspensory ligament causes what?
Vertical diplopia
78
How many parasympathetic ganglions are there in the head?
| Which is the one for the eye?
4
| Eye - ciliary ganglion in the orbit
79
Superior branch of CN III supplies what?
Superior rectus
Levator palpebrea superioris
It is ONLY MOTOR
80
Inferior branch of CN III supplies what?
Medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique – motor
| Also conveys presynaptic parasympathetics to the ciliary ganglion
81
What do the ciliary nerves do?
The ciliary nerves supply autonomic axons to control the diameter of the iris (& pupil) & the refractive shape of the lens
82
What is the difference between long and short ciliary nerves?
Short ciliary nerve has passed through the ciliary ganlgion and contains post synaptic parasympathetic fibres
83
What is oculocardiac reflex and which nerves does it involve?
Reflex bradycardia in response to tension on the extraocular muscles or pressure on the eye
CN V1 and CN X
84
Sympathetic/parasympathetic allows you to focus on near/far objects
```
Sympathetic = far
Parasympathetic = near
```
85
Which types of muscle does LPS contain?
Skeletal – voluntary from oculomotor
| Smooth – sympathetic – not voluntary
86
What is the afferent and efferent of the pupillary light reflex?
Afferent (sensory) = same side optic nerve
| Efferent (motor) = bilateral CN IIIs
87
In reflex tears, what is the afferent component and what is the efferent?
```
Afferent = CN V1
Efferent = CN VII
```
88
What lies medial to the kidneys?
Psoas major
89
What lies laterally to the kidneys?
Three layers of muscles:
- Transversus abdominis
- Internal oblique
- External oblique
90
What lies posterior to the kidneys?
Quadratus lumborum
