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Memorize for 2nd Year Exams > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cephalic vein drain into?

A

Axillary vein

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2
Q

Which spinal nerves contribute to these nerves

  • Axillary
  • Median
  • Musculocutaneous
  • Radial
  • Ulnar
A 
Axillary: C5, C6 
Median: C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
Musculocutaneous: C5, C6, C7 
Radial: C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
Ulnar: C8, T1
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3
Q

Which nerve passes through the two heads of pronator teres?

A

Median

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4
Q

Which nerve enters the forearm between the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar

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5
Q

Which nerve pierces coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous

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6
Q

Which nerve lies between biceps and brachialis in the lower 1/3 of the arm?

A

Musculocutaneous

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7
Q

What does the great saphenous vein drain into?

A

Femoral vein

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8
Q

Where does lymph from the lower limb drain to?

A

Popliteal nodes

Superficial + deep inguinal nodes

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9
Q

Which interossei adduct and which abduct the fingers?

A

Palmar interossei adduct the fingers
Dorsal interossei abduct the fingers
Remember PAD / DAB

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10
Q

What is the motor nerve supply of the hand?

A

Ulnar does the majority

Median does those of the thenar eminence, and the radial two lumbricals

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11
Q

Which spinal roots give rise to the sciatic nerve?

A

L4 - S3

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12
Q

Describe blood supply to head of femur

A

Medial + lateral circumflex arteries from deep femoral artery
Artery to head of femur is branch of obturator artery

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13
Q

Which spinal roots give rise to the femoral nerve?

A

L2, L3, L4

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14
Q

Which spinal roots give rise to the obturator nerve?

A

L2, 3, 4

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15
Q

Which spinal roots give rise to tibial division of sciatic nerve?

A

L5, S1, S2

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16
Q

What are the articulations at the knee joint?

A

2x tibiofemoral

1x patellofemoral

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17
Q

Which reflex can you test at the calcaneal tendon?

A

Ankle jerk reflex

S1, S2

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18
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

From medial to lateral:

  • Popliteal artery
  • Popliteal vein
  • Tibial nerve
  • Common peroneal nerve
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19
Q

surgical neck of humerus = which nerve injury?

A

Axillary

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20
Q

Which muscles foes axillary nerve supply?

A

Deltoid

Teres minor

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21
Q

Injury at medial epicondyle = which nerve injury?

A

Ulnar nerve

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22
Q

Radiocarpal joint is which type of joint?

A

Ellipsoid

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23
Q

Which nerve pierces coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous

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24
Q

Which nerve lies between the two heads of supinator

A

Radial

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25
Q

What marks the anterior and posterior boundaries of the sella turcica?

A

Four projections called clinoid processes

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26
Q

Where do dural venous sinuses drain into?

A

Internal jugular veins at the jugular foramina

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27
Q

What immediately surrounds the pituitary gland

A

Cavernous sinuses

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28
Q

What connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?

A

Isthmus

Lies at 2nd + 3rd cartilages of the trachea

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29
Q

Which nerve supplied sternocleidomastoid?

A

CN XI - spinal accessory

Also does trapezius

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30
Q

What runs in the carotid sheaths?

A

Internal jugular vein
Common, then the internal carotid arteries
Vagus nerve
Deep cervical lymph nodes

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31
Q

Describe arterial blood supply to the thyroid

A

Superior thyroid artery - branch of external carotid artery

Inferior thyroid artery - branch of subclavian artery

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32
Q

Describe venous drainage to the thyroid

A

Superior + middle thyroid veins - drain back to internal jugular vein
Inferior thyroid vein - drains back to left brachiocephalic vein

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33
Q

What are the four strap muscles?

A

Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid

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34
Q

Somatic sensory innervation of the nasal cavity?

A

Upper triangle = V1 - anterior ethmoidal nerve

Lower triangle = V2 - nasopalatine nerve

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35
Q

Where does frontal sinus drain into

A

Middle meatus - semilunar hiatus

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36
Q

Where does anterior ethmoidal sinus drain into?

A

Middle meatus - semilunar hiatus

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37
Q

Where does middle ethmoidal sinus drain into?

A

Middle meatus - ethmoidal bulla

38
Q

Where does posterior ethmoidal sinus drain into?

A

Superior meatus

39
Q

Where does maxillary sinus drain into?

A

Middle meatus - semilunar hiatus

40
Q

Where does nasolacrimal duct drain into?

A

Inferior meatus

41
Q

Where does sphenoid sinus drain into?

A

Spheno-ethmoidal recess

42
Q

Which sinus is prone to infection?

A

Maxillary
Ostium of maxillary sinus is location superior in relation to its cavity
Cilia must work against gravity

43
Q

Which vessels pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Labyrinthine artery (+ vein)

  • Branch of anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  • From circle of Willis
44
Q

Nervous supply of tympanic membrane

A

Outer surface - CN V3, CN X

Inner surface - IX

45
Q 
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to:
Middle ear cavity
Eustachian tube
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Tonsils
A

CN IX

46
Q

Which nerve supplies tensor tympani and stapedius

A

TT - CN V3

Stapedius - CN VII

47
Q

What is the aditus?

A

Doorway into the mastoid antrum from the epitympanic recess

48
Q

Sensory supply of the pharynx?

A

Naso + oro = CN IX

Laryngo = CN X

49
Q

What is the role of CN VII in the mouth?

A

Taste buds on anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Parasympathetic supply to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

50
Q

What is facial canal?

A

Connects the internal acoustic meatus to the stylomastoid foramen
CN VII flows through here

51
Q

Of urticle and saccule, which senses horizontal and which vertical movement?

A

Utricle - horizontal

Saccule - vertical

52
Q

What is the opening for the submandibular glands called?

A

Caruncle

53
Q

What are the two muscles of the floor of the mouth and what supplies them?

A

Geniohyoid - C1

Mylohyoid - V3

54
Q

Describe pathway of parotid duct

A

Crosses masseter

Pierces buccinator

55
Q

Which nerve supplies the parotid gland?

A

CN IX

56
Q

What supplies the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

CN IX

Taste and general sensory

57
Q

What supplies anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

General sensory - CN V3

Taste - CN VII

58
Q

What are the two groups of muscles in the tongue?

A

Extrinsic - change the position of the tongue

Intrinsic - change the shape of the tongue

59
Q

Which nerves supply the skeletal muscles of the tongue?

A

All hypoglossal - CN XII

Palatoglossus - CN X

60
Q

Which way will the tongue point if CN XII is damaged?

A

In unilateral CN XII damage the tongue tip will POINT TOWARDS the side of the injured nerve

61
Q

Where in orientation do the arteries and nerves pass on the tongue?

A

Arteries pass medial to hyoglossus

Nerves pass lateral to hyoglossus

62
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the soft palate?

A

CNX

Except tensor veli palatini (the small one at the side)- V3

63
Q

Which way will the uvula point if CN XII is damaged?

A

Away from the diseased side

64
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the pharynx?

A

CN X

Except stylopharyngeus - CN IX

65
Q

What are the two layers of the muscles of the pharynx?

A

Outer circular layer - constrictor

Inner longitudinal later - pull pharynx superiorly during swallowing

66
Q

What is the ring of adenoid tissue in the pharynx called?

A

Waldeyer’s ring

67
Q

Which nerves supply the strap muscles?

A

C1, 2, 3

68
Q

What spinal level does the larynx sit at?

A

C4-6

69
Q

What is the landmark for changing the name of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve to the inferior thyroid nerve

A

Cricothyroid joint

70
Q

What are the two processes of the arytenoid cartilages?

A

Anterior one is a vocal process

Lateral one is muscular

71
Q

What is the function of the laryngeal ventricle?

A

Inside this there are lots of serimucous glands – need to keep the vocal cords moist as they dry out quickly

72
Q

Which nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

CN X

73
Q

What is the impact of sound on the following vocal cord movements:

  • Tension
  • Relaxation
  • Adduction
  • Abduction
A

Tension (Increase pitch)
Relaxation (Decrease pitch)
Adduction (Quieter)
Abduction (Louder)

74
Q

What is the mucosa above and below the laryngeal folds supplied by?

A

Above - internal laryngeal nerve

Below - inferior laryngeal nerve

75
Q

Which nerve innervated lacrimal gland?

A

CN VII

76
Q

Which nerve supplies intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve

77
Q

Injury to the suspensory ligament causes what?

A

Vertical diplopia

78
Q

How many parasympathetic ganglions are there in the head?

Which is the one for the eye?

A

4

Eye - ciliary ganglion in the orbit

79
Q

Superior branch of CN III supplies what?

A

Superior rectus
Levator palpebrea superioris
It is ONLY MOTOR

80
Q

Inferior branch of CN III supplies what?

A

Medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique – motor

Also conveys presynaptic parasympathetics to the ciliary ganglion

81
Q

What do the ciliary nerves do?

A

The ciliary nerves supply autonomic axons to control the diameter of the iris (& pupil) & the refractive shape of the lens

82
Q

What is the difference between long and short ciliary nerves?

A

Short ciliary nerve has passed through the ciliary ganlgion and contains post synaptic parasympathetic fibres

83
Q

What is oculocardiac reflex and which nerves does it involve?

A

Reflex bradycardia in response to tension on the extraocular muscles or pressure on the eye
CN V1 and CN X

84
Q

Sympathetic/parasympathetic allows you to focus on near/far objects

A 
Sympathetic = far 
Parasympathetic = near
85
Q

Which types of muscle does LPS contain?

A

Skeletal – voluntary from oculomotor

Smooth – sympathetic – not voluntary

86
Q

What is the afferent and efferent of the pupillary light reflex?

A

Afferent (sensory) = same side optic nerve

Efferent (motor) = bilateral CN IIIs

87
Q

In reflex tears, what is the afferent component and what is the efferent?

A 
Afferent = CN V1 
Efferent = CN VII
88
Q

What lies medial to the kidneys?

A

Psoas major

89
Q

What lies laterally to the kidneys?

A

Three layers of muscles:

  • Transversus abdominis
  • Internal oblique
  • External oblique
90
Q

What lies posterior to the kidneys?

A

Quadratus lumborum

Memorize for 2nd Year Exams (13 decks)

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