Renal histopathology Flashcards
endothelial cells of bowmans capsule
fenestrated
filtration barrier in bowman’s capsule
gaps between cells to allow filtrate through
what is the function of basement membrane?
outside the capillaries
what is the function of podocytes?
surrounds the basement membrane and form mesh around capillaries
what is the function of the primary pedicle?
foot projections/ trabeculae of podocytes
interdigitate
much bigger than secondary
what is the function of the secondary pedicle?
the processes of the trabeculae of the podocytes
interdigitate
what is the function of filtration slits?
between secondary pedicle interdigitations
covered by slit diaphragms which allow only smaller molecules through in filtration - water, glucose and ions
macromolecules - proteins cannot pass through
what is the function of Malpighian corpuscle?
renal corpuscle
what is the function of mesangial cells?
between endothelium and basement membrane - between capillaries
forms 3D matrix to hold capillaries in place
what is the function of bowman’s space?
between the visceral and parietal layers of glomerulus
bowman’s capsule?
parietal and visceral layers
the filtrate enters after passing through the filtration slits
PCT
single layer of large cuboidal cells
brush border - microvilli to increase SA
highly metabolically active epithelium
DCT
always returns to the glomerulus because of renin release
well defined lumen
cells are cuboidal
what is the function of macula densa?
part of the DCT
detects a fall in sodium concentration of tubules
what is the function of juxtaglomerular cells ?
detect a fall in BP in afferent arterioles
secrete renin
kidney damage with nml or increased GFR
GFR >90
diagnosis/ review of underlying conditions and co-mobidities
what is the function of urinary pole?
where the PCT joins the bowman’s capsule
kidney failure
GFR <15%
dialysis or transplantation if uremic
what is in the cortex?
afferent and efferent arteriole
glomerulus
PCT
DCT
what is in the medulla?
collecting duct
Loop of Henle
collecting duct histopathology
wide lumen to collect from many DCTs
defined boundary between cells
pale staining
Loop of Henle
simple squamous epithelium cells - flattened
conn’s syndrome
primary hyperaldosteronism
high blood pressure
low renin
what is released by zona glomerulosa?
mineralocorticoids
what is released by zona fasciculata?
glucocorticoids
what is released by zone reticularis?
androgens - testosterone
what are the layers of the adrenal cortex?
zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis
what causes foamy urine?
protein in urine
what causes foamy urine?
protein in urine - albumin
