Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal system > Embryology of the kidneys, ureters and bladder > Flashcards

Embryology of the kidneys, ureters and bladder Flashcards

1
Q

what germ layers are the structures of the renal system derived from?

A

mesoderm
endoderm
shared embryological origin with reproductive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the layers of the mesoderm?

A

paraxial mesoderm
intermediate mesoderm
lateral plate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the parts of the lateral plate mesoderm?

A

somatic and splanchnic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

somatic mesoderm

A

contributes to abdominal body and cavity and cavity walls

lines each inner surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

splanchnic mesoderm

A

forms structures of abdominal viscera

lines outer surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where does the uterine tube come from?

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where does the uterus and uterine canal come from?

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does the vagina come from?

A

mesoderm and endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where does the urethra come from?

A

endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where does the external genitalia come from?

A

endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what makes up the renal collecting ductal system?

A 
ureters
renal pelvis
major calyces
minor calyces
collecting tubules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what makes up the renal excretory ductal system?

A

nephron
- renal corpuscle - glomerulus and bowman’s capsule
proximal and distal convoluted tubule
loop of henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where do the renal tubules and ureters come from?

A

mesonephric system from mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where does the bladder and urethra come from?

A

cloaca of endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the cloaca?

A

part of the distal portion of the embryonic hindgut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the mesonephric system give rise to?

A 
renal tubules
ureter
reproductive ductal system
uterine canal
vagina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the cloaca give rise to?

A

urinary bladder
urethra
vagina
external genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Haeckel’s biogenetic law

A

ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny
our developmental processes tend to remember and repeat our evolutionary history
seen in the development of urinary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

origin of development of urinary system

A

pronephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is pronephros

A

functional kidney in primitive fish

forms mesonephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mesonephros

A

functional kidney in advanced fish

forms metanephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

metanephros

A

functional kidney in human

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

development of pronephros

A

from intermediate mesoderm

appears at beginning of 4th week, regresses by the end of 4th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

development of mesonephros

A

derived from intermediate mesoderm

gives rise to mesonephric ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what do mesonephric ducts form?

A

forms primitive excretory tubules and the primitive bowman’s capsule and primitive renal corpuscle that drain into mesonephric ducts
gives rise to ureteric buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

urogenital ridge

A

formed by mesonephros and gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

metanephros

A

permanent kidney
5th week of development
gives rise to definitive excretory units
permanent kidney ductal system

28
Q

collecting system development

A

ureteric bud penetrates metanephric tissue/ blastema

collecting tubules converge on minor calyces forming renal pyramids

29
Q

what does the ureteric bud give rise to?

A

ureter
renal pelvis
major and minor calyces
generations of collecting tubules

30
Q

development of excretory system

A

distal end of each collecting duct tubul covered by metanephric tissue cap
cells from this form renal vesicles form the s-shaped renal tubules - excretory tubules

31
Q

formation of glomerulus - excretory system

A

at the other end of the renal tubule surrounding capillaries differentiate into glomerulus
which goes on to form the bowman’s capsule

32
Q

formation of proximal and distal convoluted tubules

A

continuous lengthening of the excretory tubules

33
Q

metanephros gives rise to?

A

excretory system of kidney

34
Q

mesonephros gives rise to?

A

kidney collecting duct system

35
Q

what are the embryonic sources of the definitive structures of the human kidney system?

A

ureteric bud from mesonephric duct of mesoderm

metanephric blastema of metanephric mesoderm

36
Q

formation of nephrons

A

continues until birth

1 million per kidney

37
Q

when does urine production start?

A

12th week of inter uterine life

38
Q

what happens to urine in the uterus?

A

passed into amniotic cavity and mixes with amniotic fluid

the fluid is swallow by the fetus and recycled through the kidneys

39
Q

responsibility of the kidneys in fetal life

A

not responsible for excretion of waste products, this is the role of placenta

40
Q

kidneys at birth

A

have lobulated appearance which disappears during infancy due to further growth but no increase in number of nephrons

41
Q

regulation of development of kidney system

A

epithelial mesenchymal interactions

genes

42
Q

location of the kidney

A

originate in pelvic region but ascend to the posterior abdominal cavity

43
Q

what causes the relocation of the kidney?

A

diminution of body curvature and growth of body in lumbar and sacral regions

44
Q

changes in blood supply to kidney

A

in pelvic region = pelvic branch of abdo aorta
during ascent = arteries that branch from aorta higher up
lower vessels usually degenerate but may remain as accessory vessels

45
Q

accessory renal arteries

A

common

derived from persistent embryonic vessels and enter one of the poles of the kidneys

46
Q

renal tumour

A

wilms tumour

47
Q

wilms tumour

A 
cancer of kidney
under 5 years old
may occur in fetus
genetic mutation 
associated with other abnormalities
part of WAGR syndrome and Denys-Drash syndrome
48
Q

syndromes affecting the kidney

A

WAGR syndrome

Denys-Drash syndrome

49
Q

Denys-Drash syndrome

A

renal failure
ambiguous genitalia
Wilms tumour

50
Q

malformation in renal system…

A

may also affect reproductive system

51
Q

PKD

A

congenital polycystic kidney disease

numerous cysts form

52
Q

oligohydramnios

A

reduced amniotic fluid

causes compression of uterine cavity

53
Q

PKD inheritance

A

autosomal recessive or dominant or caused by other factors

54
Q

ARPKD

A 
rarer
autosomal recessive PKD
progressive disorder
cysts form from collecting ducts 
kidneys become large and renal failure in infancy
55
Q

ADPKD

A

more common
autosomal dominant PKD
cysts form from all segments of nephron
renal failure in adulthood - less progressive

56
Q

pelvic kidney

A

kidney doesn’t ascend - remains in embryonic position

57
Q

horseshoe kidney

A

kidneys may fuse at lower pole

ascent is arrested

58
Q

development of bladder and urethra

A

formed from cloaca

endoderm

59
Q

cloaca

A

at 4th-8th week

cloaca divides into urogenital sinus and anal canal by urorectal septum (mesodermal)

60
Q

urogenital sinus

A

forms urinary bladder - continuous with allantois

61
Q

urachus

A

formed from allantois

forms the median umbilical ligament

62
Q

caudal portions of mesonephric ducts

A

absorbed into wall of urinary bladder so the ureters enter the urinary bladder separately

63
Q

lining of bladder

A

originally mesodermal but becomes replaced by endodermal epithelium

64
Q

epithelium of urethra

A

originates from endoderm in both sexes

65
Q

epispadias

A

when urethral opening is on upper surface of penis

66
Q

what is associated with exstrophy of the urinary bladder?

A

epispadias

67
Q

exstrophy of urinary bladder

A

urinary bladder mucosa is exposed

Renal system (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions