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Microanatomy > Renal Histology > Flashcards

Renal Histology Flashcards

Mar 7th 2013

1
Q

Urinary System F

A
  1. Filters blood & produces urine
  2. eliminate metabolic waste & toxins from blood
  3. control H2O and ion balance by reabsorbing Na+ and secreting K+
  4. maintain acid-base pH of blood
  5. Regulate BP (produce & release renin)
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2
Q

Kidney Anatomy

A
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3
Q

Kidney Anatomy

A

From medullary pyramids’ base,

// arrays of tubules= medullary rays penetrate cortex

90-95% of blood pass through kidney in cortex

5-10% in medulla

Medulla has straight tubules & collecting ducts

Apex of pyramids= papillae which project into urinary parthway (minor calyces)

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4
Q

Nephron

A

individual f unit of kidney

filter blood & produces urine

Renal corpuscle found in cortex

& renal tubule

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5
Q

Nephron Anatomy

A
  1. Renal Corpuscle
  • glomerular capillaries (glomerulus)
  • Bowman’s capsule: contains filtrate, which is first step in urine forming
  1. Associated tubules
  • continue w/ Bowman’s capsule, has many division w/ own type of cells
  • tubule supposed to transform the filtrate into final urine
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6
Q

Renal Corpuscle

A

Blood enters through afferent arteriole, circulteas through tuft of capillaries & exits through efferent arteriole

The infiltrate enter urinary space & then proximal convoluted tubule

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7
Q

Glomerulus

A

Fenestrated endothelium

Covered by podocytes (visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule)

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8
Q

Common Basement Membrane of Podocytes

A
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9
Q

Podocyte

A

Visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule

Nuclei bulge out into urinary space

Common basal lamina b/t endothelium & podocytes

Cellular extensions further divide into pedicels.

Pedicels from 2 pdodocytes form filtration slits, which are spanned by thin mem

Have a phagocytic function!

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10
Q

Filtration barrier of glomerulus

A

Prevents passage of RBCs , leukocytes & platelets

Restricts proteins

Permits water, ions & other small molecs

Glomerulonephritis & diabetes- glomerular filter is altered & becomes more permeable to proteins (proteinuria)!

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11
Q

Cells w/in Corpuscle

A

Endothelium

Podocytes

Mesangial Cells

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12
Q

Mesangial cells

A

replace normal CT cells

Intraglomerular mesangial cells interspersed among capillary loops

Extraglomerular mesangial cells (lacis cells) in vascular pole

Contractile & phagocytic

Have R for Ang II & ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide in heart)

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13
Q

Cells of Corpuscle

A
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14
Q

Mesangial Cell Histo

A

Negative charges in BM

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15
Q

Tubules of Nephron- PCT

A

Infiltarte exits Bowman’s @ urinary pole & enter renal tubule

  • Proximal convoluted tubule- PCT, longest tubule in cortex
  • Simple cuboidal, acidophilic, prominant long microvilli (brush border), basal striations
  • reabsorb majority of ions- Na+, HCO3-, glucose, majority of H2O
  • basal mem invaginations & associated mitochondria indicate= ion transporting f
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16
Q

Tubule of Nephron- Loop of Henle

A

Thick descending limb= simple low cuboidal, high osmotic P in CT, concentrates urine

Thick ascend limb= distal straight tubule, often termed part of first DCT, actively Na+ pump to CT

Thin Limb- simple squamous in medulla

Juxtamedullary nephrons= 1/7 of all nephrons

17
Q

Tubule of Nephron- DCT

A

Last segment of nephron

simple cuboidal, few microvilil

When cut in cross section, has more nuclei than PCT

site of mech that controls total salt & H2O content of body: if enough aldosterone is present, Na+ is absorbed & K+ is secreted out of the body.

18
Q

PCT vs. DCT

A

PCT- more acidpholic, brush border

DCT- more nuclei, no brush border, larger lumen

19
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

up reg BP

Macula densa- specialized DCT portion, sense Na+ [] in infiltarte

Juxtaglomerular cells- modified smooth m. in walls of afferent arteriole, sense BP & produce renin

Lacis cells- mesangial cells, may contain some granules & contiguous w/ intraglomerula mesangial cells

20
Q

Cell Histo

A
21
Q

Tubules of Nephron- Collecting tubule/ducts

A

Urine passes from DCT to collecting tubule

Collecting tubule merge in medullary ray to form cortical collection ducts

Cortical collecting ducts continue into pyramids where merge to form large ducts

Duct of Bellinie- large collecting duct, open @ papillae into minor calyx

22
Q

Collecting tubule & duct

A

Have dark cells (intercalated cells) - secrete H+

& light cells (principal cells)- respond to ADH

Medullary Collecting duct- mainly principal cells, distinct lateral margins, few microvilli & clear cytoplasm

23
Q

Blood supply in nephron

A
24
Q

Excretory passages

A

Calyces, ureter, urinary bladder & upper part of urethra

  1. calyces:

mucosa- transitional epith, lamina propria

muscularis

adventitia

25
Q

Excretory passages

A

Ureter

Mucosa- transitional epith, lamina propria

muscularis- 2 layers: inner longitudinal & outer ciruclaris of smooth m.

outer fibrous coat

26
Q

Excretory Passages

A

Urinary Bladder

Store urine until P becomes sufficient to induce voiding

Mucosa- transitional epith

Muscularis: 3 layers

inner longitudinal

Middle circular

outer longitudinal

27
Q

Excretory Passages

A

Urethra

Bladder- exterior

External sphincter- skeletal m.

  1. male urethra- 3 regions:
  • prostatic urethra- transitional epith, ducts from prostate glands, pair of ejaculatory ducts
  • membranous urethra- stratified columnar or pseudostratified columnar
  • penile urethra/spongiose urethra- pseudostratified columnar & stratified columnar
28
Q

Urinary bladder & urethra

A
29
Q

Penis

A

in lamina propria- glands of Littre (mucus secreting)

Muscularis- inner longitudinal & outer circular m.

30
Q

Female Urethra

A

Lined by transitional epith ner bladder

SSNK along remainder- pseudostratified columnar

lamin propria- glands of LIttre

Muscularis- inner longitudinal & outer circular

Microanatomy (9 decks)

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