Renal / Genitourinary

Question 1

Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) associated with Abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis

Answer 1

Type 1 (distal) RTA

Question 2

RTA associated with abnormal HCO3 and rickets

Answer 2

Type II (proximal) RTA

Question 3

RTA associated with Aldosterone Defect

Answer 3

Type IV (Distal) RTA

Question 4

Doughy Skin

Answer 4

Hypernatremia

Question 5

Differential of Hypervolemic Hyponatremia

Answer 5

Cirrhosis
CHF
Nephritic Syndrome

Question 6

Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s Signs

Answer 6

Hypocalcemia

Question 7

Most common causes of Hypercalcemia

Answer 7

Malignancy and hyerparathyroidism

Question 8

T-wave flattening and U waves

Answer 8

Hypokalemia

Question 9

Peaked T waves and Widened QRS

Answer 9

Hyperkalemia

Question 10

First line treatment for moderate hypercalcemia

Answer 10

IV hydration and Loop Diuretics

Question 11

Type of ARF in pt with Fe NA < 1%

Answer 11

Pre-Renal

Question 12

49 y/o man presents wiht acute onset flank pain and hematuria

Answer 12

Nephrolithiasis

Question 13

Most common type of nephrolithiasis

Answer 13

Calcium Oxalate

Question 14

20 year old man presents with Palpable flank mass and hematuria.

U/S shows bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts

Associated brain anomaly?

Answer 14

Cerebral Berry Aneurysms (AD PCKD)

Question 15

Hematuria
HTN
Oliguria

Answer 15

Nephritic Syndrome

Question 16

Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipiduria
Edema

Answer 16

Nephrotic Syndrome

Question 17

Most common form of Nephritic Syndrome

Answer 17

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Question 18

Monst common form of glomerulophritis

Answer 18

IgA nephropathy (Bergers)

Question 19

Glomerulonephritis with deafness

Answer 19

Alports

Question 20

Glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis

Answer 20

Wegener’s

Good Pastures

Question 21

Presence of Red Cell Casts in urine sediment

Answer 21

Glomerulonephritis / Nephritic Syndrome

Question 22

Eosinphils in urine sediment

Answer 22

Allergic Interstital Nephritis

Question 23

Drowsiness
Asterixis
Nausea
Pericardial Friction rub

Answer 23

Uremic Syndrome seen in pt with renal failure

Question 24

Low urine specific gravity in the presence of high serum osmolality

Answer 24

DI

Question 25

Tx of SIADH

Answer 25

Fluid Restriction

Demecloycline

Question 26

Hematuria
Flank Pain
Palpable Flank Mass

Answer 26

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 27

Testicular cancer associated with b-HCG and AFP

Answer 27

Choriocarcinoma

Question 28

Most common type of testicular cancer

Answer 28

Seminoma

Type of germ cell tumor

Question 29

Most common histology of bladder cancer

Answer 29

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Question 30

Complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia

Answer 30

Central pontine Myelinolysis

Question 31

Salicylate ingestion occurs in what type of acid-base disorder

Answer 31

Anion gap acidosis and 1 respiratory alkalosis due to central respiratory stimulation

Question 32

Acid base disturbance commonly seen in pregnant women

Answer 32

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 33

3 systemic diseases that lead to nephrotic syndrome

Answer 33

DM
SLE
Amyloidosis

Question 34

Elevated erythropoietin level
Elevated Hematocrit
Normal 02 saturation suggest

Answer 34

RCC or other erythropoietin producing tumor

Evaluate with CT scan

Question 35

55 y/o male presents with irritative and obstructive urinary symptoms.

Tx Options

Answer 35

Likely BPH

No Tx
Terazosin
Finasteride
Surgical Intervention (TURP)