Renal Function

Question 1

Kidney weighs approximately

Answer 1

150 g

Question 2

What is the length of Ureter

Answer 2

25 cm long

Question 3

How many mL of urine will a nerve reflex is initiated

Answer 3

150 mL of urine

Question 4

How long is the Urethra in Female

Answer 4

4 cm Long

Question 5

Urine is actually a _____ of the kidney

Answer 5

Fluid biopsy

Question 6

Basic structural & Functional unit of the Kidney

Answer 6

nephron

Question 7

How many Nephron PER Kidney

Answer 7

1 to 1.5 million

Question 8

Found primarily in the outer renal cortex.
Specialized for regular filtration of blood and the production of urine.
Primarily involved in reabsorption and secretion under normal hydration conditions

Answer 8

Cortical Nephrons

Question 9

Situated closer to the boundary between the renal cortex and medulla
Crucial for concentrating urine by creating a high osmotic gradient in the medulla.
Enable water reabsorption and regulation of body fluid balance, especially during dehydration.

Answer 9

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

Question 10

Order of Urine Formation

Answer 10

Glomerulus > PCT > LOH > DCT > CD > Calyx > R U B U

Question 11

How many % of the total cardiac output does the Kidney receive

Answer 11

25%

Question 12

Total renal Blood Flow

Answer 12

1,200 mL/min

Question 13

Total Renal Plasma Flow

Answer 13

600 - 700 mL/min

Question 14

Non-selective filter of plasma sunstances w/ a MW of <70,000 Da

Answer 14

Glomerulus

Question 15

Non-selective filter of plasma sunstances w/ a MW of <70,000 Da

Answer 15

Glomerulus

Question 16

1st function to be affected in renal disease

Answer 16

Tubular Reabsorption

Question 17

It is the Plasma concentration at which the ACTIVE TRANSPORT stops

Answer 17

Renal threshold

Question 18

Renal Threshold for GLUCOSE

Answer 18

160-180 mg/dL

Question 19

ADH regulates water reabsorption in

Answer 19

DCT and CD

Question 20

condition characterized by excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to impaired water excretion and dilutional hyponatremia.

Answer 20

SIADH

Question 21

It consist of the JG cells which produce renin

Answer 21

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 22

Aldosterone regulates Sodium reabsorption in the

Answer 22

DCT

Question 23

2 major function of Tubular secretion

Answer 23

Regulation of ACID BASE Balance
Elimination of waste products not filtered by the glomerulus

Question 24

Major site for removal of non filtered substances ( secretion and reabsorption)

Answer 24

PCT

Question 25

Blood in RTA

Answer 25

Acidic

Question 26

Failure to produce an acid urine due to inability to secrete Hydrogen ions

Answer 26

RTA

Question 27

used to evaluate glomerular filtration

Answer 27

Clearance test

Question 28

used to evaluate glomerular filtration

Answer 28

Clearance test

Question 29

Most common test for Glomerular Filtration

Answer 29

Creatinine

Question 30

Obsolete test for Glomerular Filtration

Answer 30

Urea

Question 31

Gold standard and Reference method test for Glomerular Filtration

Answer 31

Inulin (MW: 5,200 Da)

Question 32

better marker of renal tubular function than GFR

Answer 32

Beta2-microglobulin

Question 33

Alternative test for Creatinine

Answer 33

Cystatin C

Question 34

used to evaluate tubular reabsorption

Answer 34

Concentration test

Question 35

Patient is deprived of fluid for up to 24 hrs

Answer 35

Fishberg Test

Question 36

Compares Day and Night Urine in terms of volume & SG

Answer 36

Mosenthal test

Question 37

More accurate and preferred than SG determination

Answer 37

Osmolality

Question 38

Methods include in Osmolality

Answer 38

Freezing point osmometry & Vapor pressure osmometry

Question 39

Most commonly used and reference method test for tubular secretion & renal blood flow

Answer 39

p-aminohippuric acid test (PAH)