Renal Function Flashcards
Kidney weighs approximately
150 g
What is the length of Ureter
25 cm long
How many mL of urine will a nerve reflex is initiated
150 mL of urine
How long is the Urethra in Female
4 cm Long
Urine is actually a _____ of the kidney
Fluid biopsy
Basic structural & Functional unit of the Kidney
nephron
How many Nephron PER Kidney
1 to 1.5 million
Found primarily in the outer renal cortex.
Specialized for regular filtration of blood and the production of urine.
Primarily involved in reabsorption and secretion under normal hydration conditions
Cortical Nephrons
Situated closer to the boundary between the renal cortex and medulla
Crucial for concentrating urine by creating a high osmotic gradient in the medulla.
Enable water reabsorption and regulation of body fluid balance, especially during dehydration.
Juxtamedullary Nephrons
Order of Urine Formation
Glomerulus > PCT > LOH > DCT > CD > Calyx > R U B U
How many % of the total cardiac output does the Kidney receive
25%
Total renal Blood Flow
1,200 mL/min
Total Renal Plasma Flow
600 - 700 mL/min
Non-selective filter of plasma sunstances w/ a MW of <70,000 Da
Glomerulus
Non-selective filter of plasma sunstances w/ a MW of <70,000 Da
Glomerulus
1st function to be affected in renal disease
Tubular Reabsorption
It is the Plasma concentration at which the ACTIVE TRANSPORT stops
Renal threshold
Renal Threshold for GLUCOSE
160-180 mg/dL
ADH regulates water reabsorption in
DCT and CD
condition characterized by excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to impaired water excretion and dilutional hyponatremia.
SIADH
It consist of the JG cells which produce renin
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Aldosterone regulates Sodium reabsorption in the
DCT
2 major function of Tubular secretion
Regulation of ACID BASE Balance
Elimination of waste products not filtered by the glomerulus
Major site for removal of non filtered substances ( secretion and reabsorption)
PCT
Blood in RTA
Acidic
Failure to produce an acid urine due to inability to secrete Hydrogen ions
RTA
used to evaluate glomerular filtration
Clearance test
used to evaluate glomerular filtration
Clearance test
Most common test for Glomerular Filtration
Creatinine
Obsolete test for Glomerular Filtration
Urea
Gold standard and Reference method test for Glomerular Filtration
Inulin (MW: 5,200 Da)
better marker of renal tubular function than GFR
Beta2-microglobulin
Alternative test for Creatinine
Cystatin C
used to evaluate tubular reabsorption
Concentration test
Patient is deprived of fluid for up to 24 hrs
Fishberg Test
Compares Day and Night Urine in terms of volume & SG
Mosenthal test
More accurate and preferred than SG determination
Osmolality
Methods include in Osmolality
Freezing point osmometry & Vapor pressure osmometry
Most commonly used and reference method test for tubular secretion & renal blood flow
p-aminohippuric acid test (PAH)
