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Clinical Microscopy > Chemical examination of urine > Flashcards

Chemical examination of urine Flashcards

1
Q

Store Reagent strip BELOW ____; DO NOT Freeze

A

30C

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2
Q

Once the container is opened, use strips within

A

6 months

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3
Q

Principle of Automated Reagent Strip Readers

A

Reflectance Photometry

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4
Q

Influenced by NUMBER and SIZE of particles in a solution

A

Specific Gravity

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5
Q

Random urine SG

A

1.003 to 1.035

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6
Q

First Morning SG

A

> = 1.020

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7
Q

24-hr urine SG

A

1.016 - 1.022

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8
Q

If SG is <1.003

A

not a urine ( except in DI)

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9
Q

If SG os >1.040

A

Radiographic dye present (if refractometer is used)

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10
Q

Calibration temperature for urinometer

A

20 degree C

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11
Q

Urine volume required for Urinometer

A

10 -15 mL

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12
Q

Calibration solution used for Urinometer

A

Potassium sulfate (K2SO4)

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13
Q

Refractometer is an indirect method based on

A

Reftractive index = light velocity in air/ loght velocity in solution

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14
Q

Compensated temperature for Refractometer

A

15 - 38 degree C

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15
Q

Refractometer reading is lower than of the urinometer by

A

0.002

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16
Q

Not affected by GLUCOSE, PROTEIN, RADIOGRAPHIC DYE

A

Specific Gravity

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17
Q

Cause of False negative in SG

A

High alkaline urine

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18
Q

Correlation with other tests such as Nitrite, Leukocyte, Microscopic

A

pH

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19
Q

Proteins in normal urine consist of

A

1/3 ALBUMIN and 2/3 GLOBULIN

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20
Q

Moderate proteinuria

A

1-3 or 4g/day

21
Q

how many oercent of plasma albumin enters the ultrafiltrate

A

<0.1%

22
Q

Normal Albumin Excretion Rate (AER)

A

0-20 ug/min

23
Q

Detectable value for Clinical albuminuria

A

> 200 ug/min

24
Q

Reagents used in Micral test

A

Gold-labeled antibody
B-galactosidase
Chlorophenol red galactosidase

25
Q

Positve and Negative results for Micral test

A

(+) RED
(-) WHITE

26
Q

Sensitive Albumin test related to creatinine conc. to CORRECT FOR PX HYDRATION

A

A:C Ratio

27
Q

cold precipitation test that reacts EQUALLY with ALL FORMS of protein

A

Sulfosalicylic Acid Precipitation test

28
Q

Highly buffered alkaline w/ NO albumin present

A

False-positive reagent strip

29
Q

Highly buffered alkaline WITH albumin present

A

False-negative SSA test

30
Q

It is considered in evaluation urine in protein because a trac of protein in a dilute spx is more significant than in concentrated specime

A

Specific Gravity

31
Q

Most frequently tested in urine

A

Glucose

32
Q

Sensitivity of Glucose reagent strip

A

100 mg/dL

33
Q

cause of False (-) interference in Glucose reagent strip

A

Ascorbic acid, High SG, LOW TEMP, improperly preserve spx.

34
Q

Non-specific test for reducing sugars

A

Copper reduction/ Clinitest/ Benedicts test

35
Q

Main reacting agent in Clinitest tablet

A

CuSO4

36
Q

Function of NaCO3 in clinitest tablet

A

eliminates interfering room air

37
Q

Clinitest sensitivity

A

200 mg/dL

38
Q

Results from Increase in incomplete fat metabolism due to inability to metabolized carbohydrates

A

Ketones

39
Q

Parent ketone, 1st ketone body formed

A

Acetoacetic acid/ Diacetic acid

40
Q

No RBC seen in Microscopic examination in Blood

A

Hemoglobinuria

41
Q

Seen in Rhabdomyolysis; caused by Cholesterol lowering statin medication

A

Myoglobinuria

42
Q

Intact RBC is seen in Microscopic Examination for Blood; sensitive early indication of renal disease

A

Hematuria

43
Q

What is the color of plasma during a hemoglobin examination

A

Red or Pink

44
Q

Tea colored/ Amber/ Beer-Brown Urine w/ Yellow Foam

A

Bilirubin

45
Q

Positive color of Ictotest (Tablet)

A

Blue

46
Q

sensitivity of Ictotest

A

0.05 to 0.1 mg/dL bili

47
Q

Bile pigment that resulted from hemoglobin degredation

A

Urobilinogen

48
Q

Rapid screening test for porphobilinogen

A

Hoesch test

Clinical Microscopy (10 decks)

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